Acids & Bases Acids: acids are sour tasting Arrhenius acid: Any substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydronium ion (H3O+) Bronsted-Lowry acid: A proton donor Lewis acid: An electron acceptor Bases: bases are bitter tasting and slippery Arrhenius base: Any substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydroxide ion (OH-) Bronsted-Lowery base: A proton acceptor Lewis acid: An electron donor

Acids & Bases STRONG vs WEAK H2SO4 NaOH HI KOH HBr Ca(OH)2 HCl Sr(OH)2 _ completely ionized _ partially ionized _ strong electrolyte _ weak electrolyte _ ionic/very polar bonds _ some covalent bonds Strong Acids: Strong Bases: HClO4 LiOH H2SO4 NaOH HI KOH HBr Ca(OH)2 HCl Sr(OH)2 HNO3 Ba(OH)2

Objectives: To discover the strength of an acid. To identify the meaning of the titration. To find out the morality of hydrochloric acid in the sample.

Procedure 1. Collect all the material that you need, in order to be organized and not to forget something.

Procedure 2. Get about 10 ml of HCl to put it in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask with using pipette.

Procedure 3. add only two drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Read the scale. Write down the reading.

Procedure 4. After that, add little drops of base to the acid to hydrochloric acid with small amount of it. Record the reading.

Procedure 5. Stop when it become pink. Write down the reading in the book.

Conclusion In this experience I learned a technique called strong acid titration with standardized strong base to perform the controlled Act between a solution of known concentration, and a solution of unknown concentration. Calibration is used to find the specific solution acid ethic. Calibration work is added with strong acid to strong base or vice versa. Acid-base titration is the focus of acid or base exactly neutralizes the acid or base with acid or base to focus information. This allows for the quantitative analysis of the concentration of acid or base solution is unknown. It makes use of the neutralization reaction that occurs between acids and bases and how acids and bases interact, if known formulas.