The Periodic Table

After this lesson you will know: Metals, nonmetals, & metalloids. Periods & groups. Information in each box. Element families. Hydrogen & Helium are exceptions Trends of the Periodic Table

Label metals, metalloids, & nonmetals on your Periodic Table H 1 He 2 1 Li 3 Be 4 B 5 C 6 Nonmetals N 7 O 8 F 9 Ne 10 2 Na 11 Mg 12 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18 3 K 19 Ca 20 Sc 21 Ti 22 V 23 Cr 24 Mn 25 Fe 26 Co 27 Ni 28 Cu 29 Zn 30 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36 4 METALS Rb 37 Sr 38 Y 39 Zr 40 Nb 41 Mo 42 Tc 43 Ru 44 Rh 45 Pd 46 Ag 47 Cd 48 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 I 53 Xe 54 5 Metalloids Cs 55 Ba 56 Hf 72 Ta 73 W 74 Re 75 Os 76 Ir 77 Pt 78 Au 79 Hg 80 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84 At 85 Rn 86 6 * Fr 87 Ra 88 Rf 104 Db 105 Sg 106 Bh 107 Hs 108 Mt 109 7 W La 57 Ce 58 Pr 59 Nd 60 Pm 61 Sm 62 Eu 63 Gd 64 Tb 65 Dy 66 Ho 67 Er 68 Tm 69 Yb 70 Lu 71 Ac 89 Th 90 Pa 91 U 92 Np 93 Pu 94 Am 95 Cm 96 Bk 97 Cf 98 Es 99 Fm 100 Md 101 No 102 Lr 103

Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids Write these characteristics on the back of your Periodic table, but save room for more notes: METALS malleable, lustrous, ductile, good conductors NONMETALS gases or brittle solids, poor conductors of heat and electricity (insulators) METALLOIDS (Semi-metals) dull, brittle, semi-conductors (used in computer chips)

Electrons in Shells 3. Electrons “live” in shells. 1. Shells – also called orbits or energy levels. 2. Shells surround the nucleus. 3. Electrons “live” in shells. 4. Shells want to be full – 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 5. Electrons in outer shell make bonds = valence electrons - they react to make full outer shell

Number the periods 1-7 Each row is a different period (Get it? PERIODic table.). Elements have something in common if they are in the same row. Same period = same number of shells (orbits). 1st period = 1 shell 2nd period = 2 shells 3rd period = 3 shells And so on… 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7

Number the “tall” Groups 1-8 A column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group. Elements in a group = same number of electrons in outer shell. (Valence e-) first column (group one) = 1 electron in outer shell. second column (group two) = 2 electrons in outer shell, etc. And so on There are some exceptions to this rule with the transition elements (short columns) 1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7

Information in Boxes Each box gives the following information: Atomic number –number of protons (also # of e-) Symbol – for name of element Atomic Mass – total number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus, so.. The number of neutrons is the Atomic Mass minus the atomic number. Electrons = 17 Protons = 17 Cl = Chlorine Atomic Mass = 35 AMU (rounded) Neutrons = 35-17 = 18

Sodium (Na) for Example How many electrons? How many protons? What its atomic mass (rounded)? How many neutrons? How many shells? How many valence electrons are in it’s LAST shell?

Where You Correct? Electrons = 11 Protons = 11 Atomic Mass = 23 AMU Neutrons = 12 Shells = 3 Valence electrons = 1

Color Code & Label Families of Elements Alkali Metals Elements Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs) and Francium (Fr). They are very reactive. Why? They all have one electron in their outer shell. That's one electron away from being happy (full shells). Explosive in water Interesting Facts. Metal shiny and light weight.

Alkaline Earth Metals Elements beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra). 2nd Most Reactive give up two electrons Interesting facts Form bases in solution Ra - glow-in-the-dark paints. fireworks, batteries, flashbulbs Magnesium and calcium important in body

Transitional Metals Why Special? E- can move more Ex. change from giving 1 E- away to giving 2 E- away, etc. Lanthanide Series Also called rare-earth Found naturally on Earth Only 1 is radioactive Actinide Series All radioactive Some man-made in labs

Tall Groups 3-6 Named after 1st element in the group Boron Family Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family 3A 4A 5A 6A B 5 C 6 N 7 O 8 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84

Halogens Elements Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Astatine (At). Reactive non-metals 7 electrons in their outer shell. Only need 1 more E- to be full! Interesting Facts When a halogen combines with another element, the resulting compound is called a halide. Ex. sodium chloride (NaCl).

Noble Gases Elements Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn). Nonreactive Inert gases Full outer shells Interesting Facts Neon used in advertising signs. Argon used in light bulbs. Helium used to cool things and in balloons. Xenon used in headlights. Can be forced to bond in labs

TWO AT THE TOP – Why are they different? Hydrogen Not a metal acts like group 1 or 7 Only 1 shell Helium only 2 valence electrons (can’t have more)

General Trends of the Periodic Table Atoms are arranged by their atomic numbers. Fr is the most active Metal (botton left) – circle it F is the most active Nonmetal (top right, but not a noble gas)– circle it Size increases downward and to the left

Now take the Online Quiz There are 10 questions on the Periodic Table. Click this link: http://www.chem4kids.com/extras/quiz_elempertable/index.html