CHAPTER 18, LESSON 4 OVERVIEW NOTES: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Glorious Revolution, three new Growth of Constitutional Government Following England’s 1688 Glorious Revolution, three new political institutions arose in Britain: Political parties called the Tories (supported strong hereditary monarchy) and the Whigs (supported a weak monarchy but strong Parliament) each representing a small landowning group of British aristocracy

Prime Minister who was the leader of the majority party in Parliament Cabinet system was a group of advisers to the: Prime Minister who was the leader of the majority party in Parliament and later as the chief official of the British government These institutions were part of the evolution of Britain’s constitutional government... a government whose power is defined and limited by law

Hanover Dynasty royal power by: King George III of the British Came to power anxious to reassert royal power by:

choosing his own ministers dissolving the Cabinet system ending Whig domination choosing his own ministers dissolving the Cabinet system forcing Parliament to follow his will tried to force English colonists in North America to pay costs of own defenses

The 13 Colonies

18th century, the colonies were home to diverse religious and By the mid- 18th century, the colonies were home to diverse religious and ethnic groups Colonists felt entitled to the same rights as their English citizen-counterparts Their colonial assemblies exercised much control over local affairs

of New England and those in the South differed, but they shared common Ways of life between the colonists of New England and those in the South differed, but they shared common values: Respect for individual enterprise Increasing sense of their own identity separate from that of Britain

representation” – If colonists were not represented in Growing Discontent Relations strained between colonists and Britain by 1763 George III expected colonists to pay for the Seven Years’ War “No taxation without representation” – If colonists were not represented in Parliament, the British had no right to tax them British troops fired on a crowd of colonists in the “Boston Massacre” Colonists protested by dumping British tea into Boston Harbor in the Boston Tea Party

Continental Congress in Philadelphia; Each colony sent representatives to a Continental Congress in Philadelphia; war broke out between Britain and the colonists The Second Continental Congress declared independence from Britain and issued the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776

-Articles of Confederation- 1781 -U.S. Constitution- 1789 A New Constitution -Articles of Confederation- 1781 -U.S. Constitution- 1789

They provided for an elective legislature and an elected president Reflected Enlightenment ideas: Framers of the Constitution saw government in terms of a social contract They provided for an elective legislature and an elected president

republic, with power divided between the federal government and the The Constitution created a federal republic, with power divided between the federal government and the states The federal government was separated among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches with each branch provided with checks and balances on the other branches

The Bill of Rights

to the Constitution, recognized that people have basic The Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments to the Constitution, recognized that people have basic rights that the government must protect

How much do you know about the Age of Enlightenment How much do you know about the Age of Enlightenment? Clear your desks of all materials.

a limited constitutional monarch a tyrannical king Thomas Hobbes claimed all people are greedy and selfish by nature. Therefore, they should be ruled by an absolute ruler a limited constitutional monarch a tyrannical king their own kind of legislative congress. A

The idea of unalienable rights was first suggested by Thomas Paine Thomas Jefferson John Locke Voltaire C

Cromwell’s Protectorate Glorious Revolution King Charles I’s execution Which of the following events would Thomas Hobbes have been most supportive of? English Civil War Cromwell’s Protectorate Glorious Revolution King Charles I’s execution B

To protect people’s freedoms of life, liberty, property What was the purpose of Montesquieu’s idea for separating government’s powers into three branches? To protect people’s freedoms of life, liberty, property To protect people from quartering soldiers To protect an absolute monarchy from civil war To guarantee that documents like the Magna Carta would be followed A

C. Supreme Court Justices D. All of these Which of the following is appointed for life in the American government? Senators Cabinet members C. Supreme Court Justices D. All of these c

Which of these branches makes the laws? legislative executive judicial both A & B can make the laws A

Which of these was the reason why the 3rd Amendment was added to the U Which of these was the reason why the 3rd Amendment was added to the U. S. Bill of Rights? Washington Paine George III Jefferson C

Rousseau’s The Social Contract advocated popular sovereignty individual interests above all else absolute monarchial power a system of checks and balances A

Which of these was LEAST likely to contribute to the spread of enlightened ideas? printing press Catholic Church cultural diffusion Catherine the Great B

Which of these was not considered enlightened? Hanover King George III Romanov Empress Catherine II Hohenzollern King Frederick II Virginian Thomas Jefferson A

Adam Smith was an economic reformer who: supported mercantilism advocated a laissez faire policy suggested the basis for socialism all of these. B

Which of these dynasties did not partition Poland three times? Hohenzollern Hapsburg Hanover Romanov C

Thomas Jefferson, the main author of the Declaration of Independence, was most inspired by the enlightened thinker: Benjamin Franklin John Locke Voltaire Montesquieu B

The first European country to ally with the American colonists’ fight against Britain was: Spain Netherlands England France D

The Bill of Rights was added to the U.S. Constitution in: 1776 1789 1791 1798 C

The political party, the Tories, that developed in Britain: represented the aristocracy supported a strong hereditary monarchy could serve in Parliament all of these. D

British colonists in North America: were elected to England’s Parliament chose representatives to attend colonial assemblies paid fewer taxes than their English counterparts fought against Britain in the Seven Years’ War B

France in 1783 France in 1779 Britain in 1783 Britain in 1779 The treaty that ended the American Revolution was signed in: France in 1783 France in 1779 Britain in 1783 Britain in 1779 A