Principles of Health Science Technical Skills Principles of Health Science

Body temperature 2. Routes for measuring temperature and their normal ranges Aural – (tympanic) - 98.60 F, 370 C Axillary - (armpit) 96.60 - 98.60 F & 35.90- 370 C Oral – (mouth) 97.60 - 99.60F & 36.50 - 37.50 C Rectal (you know where) - 98.60 - 100.60 F & 370 - 38.10 C

1. Factors affecting temperature Environment Exercise Disease Time of day? Highest and lowest?

Types of thermometers Digital Electronic Tympanic Temporal

Always record site that temperature was took Sites used depends on age and patient needs No thermometers in mouth for h/o seizures No thermometers rectally for h/o heart disease No thermometers orally for patients on a ventilator Least accurate site is axillary

High and Low Body Temp Hyperthermia-elevated body temperature 99.5–100.9 °F Hypothermia-body's core temperature drops below that required for normal body functions Less than 95.0 °F

Pulse 60-100 Normal range of pulse rates for adult is Bradycardia is less than 60 beats/minute Tachycardia is more than 100 beats/minute Rhythm - regular and irregular Volume - weak, strong, or thready

Most commonly used site is radial (wrist) Pulse and respirations usually counted together for one min.

Respiration = inspiration and expiration Normal range of respiratory rate for adults is 12-20/minute Rate Regular and irregular Shallow, deep, and labored Sounds

Factors affecting pulse and respirations Activity Disease Drugs and alcohol Blood oxygen levels Brain and spinal abnormality

Procedure for measuring and recording pulse/respiration Procedure for measuring and recording radial pulse

Blood pressure Measure of the force of the blood against walls of the arteries. a. Systolic b. Diastolic

Normal BP for adults is less than Top number 90-120 (first loud sound) Bottom Number 60-80 (last sound heard) Hypertension – systolic greater than 140, diastolic greater than 90 Hypotension – systolic less than 90, diastolic less than 60

Risk factors for hypertension •Age. •Race. ... (African American males) •Family history. ... •Being overweight or obese. ... •Not being physically active. ... •Using tobacco. ... •Too much salt (sodium) in your diet. ...

Sphygmomanometers record BP in millimeters (mm) of mercury (Hg) a. Aneroid Electronic Wrote as a fraction 120/80

Heart attack warning signs Discomfort in chest (fullness, squeezing feeling) lasting more than a few minutes Pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach. Shortness of breath with or without chest discomfort Cold sweat, nausea, or lightheadedness

Stroke warning signs; sudden onset of: Numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg, especially on one side of body Confusion, trouble speaking or understanding Trouble seeing in one or both eyes Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination Severe headache with no known cause Act FAST Face Arm Speech Time