Racism

Definitions of race A group of people who share similar and distinct physical characteristics A group of people united or classified together on the basis of common history, nationality, or geographic distribution A group of people identified as distinct from other groups because of supposed physical or genetic traits shared by the group

The establishment of racial typology 1800 – 1859 The first half of the nineteenth century was marked by the establishment of European colonial empires overseas, by the growth of slavery, and by abolitionist movements

Model for classifying people Homo sapiens Eoropeus albescens  ("white" people from Europe) Homo sapiens Africanus negreus  ("black" people  from Africa) Homo sapiens Asiaticus fucus  ("dark" people from Asia) Homo sapiens Americanus rubescens  ("red" people from the Americas) Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus 18th century Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus 18th century

Homo sapiens Eoropeus albescens

Homo sapiens Africanus negreus

Homo sapiens Asiaticus fucus

Homo sapiens Americanus rubescens

Ethnographic division into races Caucasian races (Aryans, Hamites, Semites) Mongolian races (northern Mongolian, Chinese and Indo-Chinese, Japanese and Korean, Tibetan, Malayan, Polynesian, Maori, Micronesian, Eskimo, American Indian) Negroid races (African, Hottentots, Melanesians/Papua, “Negrito”, Australian Aborigine, Dravidians, Sinhalese) Meyers Konversations- Lexikon 1885 - 1890 `

Race in European psychology to 1945 The racial policy of Nazi Germany included policies and laws implemented in Nazi Germany (1933–1945) based on a specific racist doctrine asserting the superiority of the Aryan race, which claimed scientific legitimacy

Definition of racism Racism might be taken as any practice that, intentionally or not, excludes a racial or ethnic minority from enjoying the full rights, opportunities responsibilities available to the majority population /Goldberg, 1993/

History of racism The term racism was first used by European social scientists in the 1930s to characterize and condemn the Nazi belief system, which posited the superiority of the Aryan race over an elaborate ranking of allegedly lesser races

Racism nowadays There are more Black men behind bars or in the legal system today, than there were slaves in 1850 /Michelle Alexander/

The consequences of racism Racism is not an ability that people are born with but it is based on how an individual is raised and what they learn when they are younger

Conclusions No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite /Nelson Mandela/

Bibliography Back L., Solomos J. Theories of race and racism. London: Routledge, 2000 Blum L. The moral quandary of race. London: Cornell University, 2002 Graham R., Race, Racism and Psychology. London: Routledge, 1997 Pallua U., Zach. Racism, Slavary, and Literature. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2010 Reilly K., Kaufman S., Bodino A. Racism. A global reader. New York: Armonk, 2003

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