Fig. 1. The schematic image about galanin effect on post-stroke

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Fig. 1. The schematic image about galanin effect on post-stroke Fig. 1. The schematic image about galanin effect on post-stroke. After stroke, galanin binds galanin receptors such as GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3 and affects several signaling pathways. Galanin regulates CREB signaling and modulates BDNF secretion in neuron, and subsequently contributes to the improvement of post-stroke depression. In addition, galanin induces NF-κB and ERK/MAPK signaling and controls the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and subsequently reduces post-stroke inflammation. Finally, galanin ameliorates post-stroke cognitive declines by regulating acetylcholine secretion and inhibiting neuronal cell loss. BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CREB, cyclic AMP responsive element binding; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; ERK/MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GalR, galanin receptor. Fig. 1. The schematic image about galanin effect on post-stroke. After stroke, galanin binds galanin receptors such as GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3 and affects several signaling pathways. Galanin regulates CREB signaling and modulates BDNF secretion in neuron, and subsequently contributes to the improvement of post-stroke depression. In addition, galanin induces NF-κB and… Anat Cell Biol. 2016 Dec;49(4):223-230. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.2016.49.4.223