Cell Division Review

What the four major stages of the cell cycle What the four major stages of the cell cycle? Which stages make up interphase? G1, S, G2, Mitosis (Interphase- G1, S, G2)

What occurs during each stage of the cell cycle? M

G1- growth, replicate organelles, normal functions S- DNA synthesis G2- Additional growth M- Mitosis and cytokinesis

What is the purpose of mitosis. What is the end result * What is the purpose of mitosis? What is the end result? * What kind of human cells do mitosis? * What are the 4 stages of mitosis? Cell division, duplicate copy/daughter cell Somatic pmat

What occurs during each stage of mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Prophase- DNA condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down Metaphase- Spindle fibers attach chromosomes and align them in center of cell Anaphase- sister chromatids separate to opposite poles Telophase- nuclear membrane starts to reform, chromosomes start to uncoil

What is cytokinesis? Cell divides cytoplasm between two daughter cells

What is binary fission?

Binary fission- prokaryotic, asexual reproduction, much simpler than mitosis

What is the purpose of meiosis. What is the end result * What is the purpose of meiosis? What is the end result? * Meiosis is associated with what kind of human cells? * What are the stages of meiosis? * What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids? *What is the main purpose of meiosis I? meiosis II? Divide diploid cell into haploid, 4 genetically unique haploid cells Germ Pmatpmat Homologous: similar, but not necessarily the same. One from mom, one from dad sister: one half of the same chromosome (duplicate)

Meiosis I Main idea: divides homologous chromosomes Prophase I- homologous chromosomes start to pair up, nuclear membrane breaks down. Crossing over occurs! Metaphase I- spindle fibers attach, homologous chromosomes pair up on either side of cell equator. Anaphase I- homologous chromosome pulled to opposite poles Telophase I- spindle fibers disassemble, cell does cytokinesis End result- 2 genetically unique haploid cells with duplicated chromosomes

Meiosis II Main idea: divides sister chromatids Prophase II- homologous chromosomes start to pair up, nuclear membrane breaks down Metaphase II- spindle fibers align chromosomes along equator Anaphase II- sister chromatids pulled apart to opposite poles Telophase II- nuclear membrane reforms, cell does cytokinesis End result: 4 genetically unique haploid cells

Unchecked cell division is known as what? Cancer cancer