ECOSYSTEM SERVICES . . .THINGS THE PLANET DOES FOR US! ______________________ ________________________ WATCH VIDEO Image from: https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/pswebcontent/thumbnails/illustrations/full/268_2897425.jpg

____________ SERVICES Recycle nutrients, purify water, form new soil, produce oxygen, clean pollution Image sources; See last slides

PROVIDE ______________ Light, food, fuel, medicines building materials, paper, soil Image from: https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/pswebcontent/thumbnails/illustrations/full/268_2897425.jpg

____________of Earth’s processes Plants absorb carbon, prevent erosion, wetlands filter water, natural pest control, moderate climate, flood control, water storage

Just plain AWESOMENESS For image sources: see last slide Homes for wildlife, recreation, inspiration

The ability of ecosystems to provide these services depends on BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OR ______________ = a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-n0w52j5uDg8/UMRKPbDGu0I/AAAAAAAAAMM/V0D-OTnHMlY/s1600/snowbird_Flinders_Ranges.jpg http://www.apethana.com/gallery/data/media/4/Lianas%20in%20Interior%20of%20Lowland%20Rainforest,%20La%20Selva%20Biological%20Station,%20Costa%20Rica.jpg

BIODIVERSITY makes ecosystems more _______ Ecosystems with _____ biodiversity are better able to resist ____________ such as species loss, pollution, invasive species, urban development, climate change, etc. http://lonokeassembly.publishpath.com/Websites/lonokeassembly/images/JengaCutOut.jpgpg

VOCAB Species that has died out = ______________ http://www.southeastutah.org/photos/dino.jpg Species that has died out = ______________ Species whose population size is rapidly declining and will become extinct if the trend continues = _____________ Species that is at risk of becoming endangered in the near future = ____________ http://www.blackfootedferret.org/ http://www.fresnochaffeezoo.com/images/bald-eagle.gif

The Tragedy of the Commons http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZFkUeleHPY When a resource (like the environment) is shared, everyone can use it but NO ONE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTECTING IT. Each person just uses “a little”, but it often results in the destruction of the “commons”.

A ____________ is anything an organism needs for life http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm REMEMBER A ____________ is anything an organism needs for life NATURAL RESOURCES = LAND AIR WATER FORESTS http://www.lenntech.com/images/discharge.gif http://coweeta.ecology.uga.edu/coweeta_photographs/erosion.htm

_____________________ can’t be replenished by natural processes EX: copper, gold, fossil fuels, rainforests ________________ can be replenished - living by reproduction - nonliving by biogeochemical cycles EX: fish, tree, soil ____________________________ replenished but used faster than can be replaced EX: water http://www.npr.org/news/images/2005/aug/16/pumping_gas200.jpg http://www.sorcios.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/fishing-logo.jpg http://www.navitron.org.uk/wind/600kw.JPG

HOW HUMANS HARM BIODIVERSITY DIRECT IMPACT OVERHUNTING POACHING HABITAT DESTRUCTION Agriculture Deforestation Pollution Invasive species Use of fossil fuels _________________________ Images from: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/s2s/latest/art1/src/proj/Art/cave_art/Hunters-Deer.jpg http://www.kidcrosswords.com/kidoutdoors/the%20environment/pollution_smokestacks.jpg http://www.lubee.org/images/about-threats-1.jpg

Since the 1900’s over-hunting has led to a severe _________of whale http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whaling#Conservation_status Since the 1900’s over-hunting has led to a severe _________of whale populations, and to _____________ of many whale species. The Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) reports that 87% of the world’s fish  stocks are classified as overexploited or fully exploited. http://camillecooksforyou.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/DSC_07001-1024x680.jpg

$ WHY POACH? Fur Tusks/horns Tourist souveniers Medicine ? Artwork http://studentweb.cortland.edu/giambalvo73/poaching.jpg Fur Tusks/horns Tourist souveniers Medicine ? Artwork http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2009/20090716_rhinopoaching.jpg $ http://www.sciencebuzz.org/sites/default/files/images/ivory.jpgh ttp://www.peterpalms.com/fox/pictures/silverfoxcoat.jpg http://d-vers.com/images/medium/PMTung/Chinese-Ivory-Carved-Hippo-Tusk-Family-Of-Rhinos/Chinese-Carved-Ivory-Hippo-Tusk-Family-Of-Rhinocerous.jpg

BIODIVERSITY THREAT Splitting a habitat into smaller disconnected pieces = _____________________ Small “islands” of natural area isolated from each other. Brings wildlife into contact with humans http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation

HOW CAN WE HELP? PRESERVES/SANCTUARIES Preserving habitat Establishing protected areas Game ranger patrols to prevent poaching Education http://asiancorrespondent.com/74455/sumatran-elephants-could-be-extinct-in-30-years/

HOW CAN WE HELP? ___________________ Animals are raised and protected in zoos until population is stable, then returned to wild http://www.blackfootedferret.org/

HOW CAN WE HELP? LAWS/REGULATIONS Convention for the Regulation of Whaling  - International Whaling Commission has placed a moratorium on whaling for certain species -Only works if nations voluntarily comply http://www.cdnn.info/eco/whaling_250146.jpg

LAWS & REGULATIONS The________________________________________________________ (CITES) bans international trade in products from endangered species. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~sjberg/CITES.htm

WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP? Support “Green” organizations that work for laws to establish quotas and protect species. POWER OF ONE VIDEO http://www.nwf.org/ http://www.maksimum.com/haberler/h/greenpeacee_cevre_cezasi.php http://www.sierraclub.org/ http://www.sierraclub.org/ http://www.ducks.org/states/62/index.html ttps://www.edf.org/what-we-do

Scientists estimate there are 10-30 million Image from: http://members.graphicsfactory.com/clip-art/image_files/tn_image/2/1313572-tn_TombStone001_92007.jpg Scientists estimate there are 10-30 million plant and animal species on the planet Most of these are unidentified. Some scientists estimate at the rate we are going ___ of the plants and animals will be committed to extinction by 2050 http://www.igreens.org.uk/extinctions_predicted_from_globa.html

International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN) RED LIST = world's main authority on the conservation status of species 22,214 threatened species worldwide AND NUMBERS ARE INCREASING! 2012 - 3079 animals and 2655 plants classified as Endangered worldwide 1998- 1102 animals and 1197 plants classified as Endangered worldwide

It is believed that some 10,000 species have http://www.whole-systems.org/Resources/Image10. It is believed that some 10,000 species have gone extinct in just the past 100 years At current rate estimates predict between 200-2000 extinctions per year. List of every extinct animal in last 100 years

CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY WE CAN’T FIX EVERYTHING! ______________ = are places that are MOST endangered AND where $ will have the greatest impact Image from: Pearson Education Inc publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall© 2006