Psychological Response to Injury Derek Redmond

Pre-Injury Stressors Mood Personality Pessimism/Optimism Coping resources Locus of control – degree in which we view our lives under control Trait Anxiety – tendency to perceive situation as threatening and to react in an anxiety response

Responses to Injury Onset Return Reinjury/performance issues (Anticipation, impatience, increased confidence) Disruption of normal functioning (shock, anxiety, depression) Onset Return Rehabilitation concerns (Anger, depression, frustration, apathy) (Bianco, 2001; Granito, 2001; Johnston & Carroll, 1998) 3

Acceptance and adaptation American Footballer Grief Model Shock Denial Anger & bargaining Depression Acceptance and adaptation American Footballer 4

RESPONSE TO SPORT INJURY AND REHABILITATION Pre-injury factors Personality History of Stressors Coping Resources RESPONSE TO SPORT INJURY AND REHABILITATION PERSONAL FACTORS Injury e.g., history, severity, type, perceived cause, recovery status Individual difference Variables - Psychological – e.g. personality, self perceptions, motivation, athlete identity, coping skills, pain tolerance - Demographic – e.g., age, prior sport experience, gender SITUATIONAL FACTORS Sport e.g., type, level, time in season Social e.g., influence of coach, social support Environment e.g., rehab environment COGNITIVE APPRAISAL (Primary and secondary) Goal Adjustment Rate of perceived recovery Self-efficacy Belief & attributions Recognition of injury Cognitive Coping (problem, emotion, avoidance) EMOTIONAL RESPONSE Fear of unknown, Tension, anger, depression, Frustration, boredom Positive attitude BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSE Adherence to rehab Use of PST strategies Use of social support Risk-taking behaviours Effort & intensity Recovery Outcome Model of psychological Response to Injury (Wiese-Bjornstal, Smith, Shaffer & Morrey, 1998) 5

Stress Response to Sports Injury What? (Injury as stressor) Think? (Cognitive appraisal) Feel? (Emotional Response) Do? (Behavioural Response) Stress Response to Sports Injury 6

1 = not at all like this 10 = very much like this Bad tempered Frustration Restless Determination Happy Confident Bored Luke Mood swings 1 = not at all like this 10 = very much like this Anxious Anger 7

Change Direction Pain Giving Way Power Range of Motion Change Direction Swelling Stability Pain Confidence in knee Giving Way Scale 1 = extremely different to before the injury 10 = the same as before the injury. 1 = Extremely different to before injury 10 = The same as before injury Reaction Time Locking Power 8