Presentation On Routes of drug administration & it’s significance www.AssignmentPoint.com

route of drug administration? The route of drug administration is the way through which drug enter into our body. It is depends on the properties and nature of the drug. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Classification of routes of drug administration Enteral Administration : Oral, Sublingual, Rectal. Intravenous Administration. Intramuscular Administration. Subcutaneous Administration. Inhalation Administration. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Oral Administration When a drug is given by mouth then it is called oral administration. This is the most frequent route of drug administration. Example: Tablets , Capsules ,Chewable tablets. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Oral-administrated Drugs Tablets Capsules www.AssignmentPoint.com

Comparison Advantages Disadvantages Easy to take and portable. Painless and comfortable. Relatively cheap and compact. Various dosage form are available. Self medication is possible. Give fast-pass effect. May occur food-interaction. Can give local effect. i.e. GI flora. Unconscious patient not able to swallow. Inactivated by stomach acid. e.g. penicillin. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Sublingual Administration The drug which is placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve slowly is called sublingual administration. The sublingual mucosa offers a rich supply of blood vessels through drugs can be absorbed. Example: Nitroglycerin ,Steroids www.AssignmentPoint.com

Sublingual-administrated Drugs N-glycerine www.AssignmentPoint.com

Comparison Disadvantages Advantages Absorbed quickly. Faster therapeutic effect. Avoid fast-pass effect. Drug stability is better. Self medication is possible. If the drug is swallowed, then all advantages of drug are lost. Drug contain small dose limit. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Rectal Administration Rectal administration is reserved for certain clinical situation, such as a vomiting patient or medication not available in injectable form. It's usually given in rectum. Example: Aspirin or chlorpromazine. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Rectal-administrated Drugs Glycerin suppositories Panadol suppositories www.AssignmentPoint.com

Comparison Advantages Disadvantages Suitable route for anti- constipation drugs. Useful for children and non-matured person. Do not undergo fast-pass effect. Self medication is possible. Little painful & uncomfortable. Small range of drugs available. Sometimes need expert person to administrate on children. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Intravenous Administration It is a process by which injection of drug is given directly into the vein. Example: Chemotherapy drugs for cancer treatment. www.AssignmentPoint.com

IV-administrated Drugs IV-infusion process Intravenous Injection www.AssignmentPoint.com

Comparison Advantages Disadvantages Therapeutic effect seen immediately. More suitable for large volume administration. Does not need to be absorbed. Suitable for unconscious, non-cooperative patient. Avoid fast-pass effect. Aseptic technique is must required. Painful and costly. Short duration of action. Require supporting equipment. such as infusion set. Self-medication is difficult. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Intramuscular Administration It is the process by which drug is injected into the area of a large muscle. Example: Anesthetic Injection www.AssignmentPoint.com

IM-administrated Drugs Intramuscular Injection www.AssignmentPoint.com

Comparison Advantages Disadvantages Provide rapid absorption. Lowest risk of damage adjacent nerves and blood vessels. Rapid onset of action. Slightly irritant drug can be given. Moderate volume of drug may given. Avoid fast-pass effect. Supporting equipment is required. May be painful. Sometimes also costly. Non-soluble(in water) drugs are not acceptable. such as Valium, Librium. Self-medication is difficult. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Subcutaneous Administration Administration of fluid via subcutaneous route is called subcutaneous administration. In this process, injection of a liquid into the layer of tissue just below the dermis but above the muscle layer. Example: Insulin www.AssignmentPoint.com

subcutaneous-administrated Drugs Subcutaneous Insulin Pump with infusion set www.AssignmentPoint.com

Comparison Advantages Disadvantages Minimize the risks associated with the IM injection. Easy to take by patient. Less expensive than IV therapy. Relatively safe and cost effective. Avoid fast-pass effect. Slower absorption of drug. possibility of inflammation and irritation at infusion site. Can be form leakage of subcutaneous site. can be create allergic reaction. Limitation in volume of drugs. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Inhalation Administration The inhalation administration is used for drugs that can be dispersed in an aerosol or that vaporize easily. Example : Nitrous oxide for general anesthesia. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Inhalation-administrated Drugs Inhalation Device www.AssignmentPoint.com

Comparison Advantages Disadvantages Provide rapid drug delivery across alveolar membrane. Produce rapid action. Avoid toxicity and first-pass effect. Absorption of gas are efficient. Only used for gaseous form drugs those can be dispersed in an aerosol. Special equipment is required. www.AssignmentPoint.com

We should concern........ Drugs show their pharmacological action when absorbed by the systemic circulation and distribution into the interstitial and intracellular fluid. For absorption to take place the drug must be administered in the appropriate manner. www.AssignmentPoint.com

The End Thank You All www.AssignmentPoint.com