Launching the New Nation
What happen b/w about 1400-1789?
George Washington 1st president USA USA Constitution now in affect Took office April 30 1789 USA Constitution now in affect Must get the new government up and running
Tasks (4)
1. Create Cabinet Provide Washington with a cabinet to handle different responsibilities Cabinet People the president asks for advice Dept. of State Thomas Jefferson Dept. of War General Henry Knox Office of Attorney General Edmund Randolph Dept. of Treasury Alexander Hamilton
2. Set up the Judicial Branch Congress passed the Judiciary Act 1789 Created: 13 district courts 3 courts of appeals Supreme Court John Jay 1st Supreme Court Justice
3. Bill of Rights 1st 10 amendments to the USA Constitution Anti-Federalists love them Do you know the rights?
Jefferson – Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom Forerunner for the 1st amendment protection for religious freedom States: freedom of conscience Principle separation of church and state
4. How to finance Government? Need a source of revenue Why? Without money the gov’t cannot operate
Alex Hamilton Favored one economic class over another Me like the RICH!!! developed an economic plan for the United States composed of the following ideas:
5 parts of Hamilton’s Economic Plan Excise tax State Debt Assumption Protective tariff National Bank Funding ESPN-F
Excise Tax A tax on alcohol Especially WHISKEY!!!! Whiskey production was the main source of income for many western settlers and the tax wasn’t well liked
Whiskey Rebellion Led to rebellion 1794 Several western farmers harassed and assaulted tax collectors To put down the rebellion, Washington sent 15000 troops to crush the rebellion This worried many ppl The federal gov’t would use troops on its own ppl
State Debt Assumption Pay all state debt!!!!! Why would this upset the south? The south had very little debt; the north has a whole lot!!!! How do we make the south happy? Moved the capital of USA from New York to Washington DC!!!!
Protective Tariff tax on imports to protect American goods Goal: to get you to buy American goods. Promote manufacturing Who does this favor? (north or south)
National Bank 1791 Bank of USA was established for 20 years!!! Gov’t needs somewhere to put $ Bank would create a national currency!!! Problem: Creation of bank not listed in Constitution. Congress passed anyways Hamilton said b/c of the necessary and proper clause Congress had implied powers (powers not listed in constitution) 1791 Bank of USA was established for 20 years!!!
Funding WE BAIL THE GOV'T OUT!!! 1790: The first thing the US needed to do was pay its debts (over 80 million dollars) Problem: American Revolutionary war ended 1781 ppl who bought bonds were farmers, veterans and widows Feared never get $ so they sold bonds to speculators: ppl willing to take risk in hopes of future gain (mainly the RICH!!!!) Hamilton believed if u paid back $ owned by bonds ppl would trust gov’t again especially rich Therefore if gov’t ever needed money it would have the trust of the RICH and they would buy bonds WE BAIL THE GOV'T OUT!!!
The Political Division Begins Why? b/c of the interpretation of the constitution Either loose or strict Difference?
Loose interpretation AKA: Necessary & proper clause Hamilton
Strict interpretation Thomas Jefferson
The Rise of Political Parties The dispute of how to finance gov’t and interpretation of Constitution divided Congress into 2 political parties
Federalist Party Led by John Adams & Alexander Hamilton Stronger national government Economy based on industry & manufacturing Supported higher tariff…Why? Believed in loose interpretation of Constitution Pro-British foreign policy More popular in North No faith in the common man
Democratic-Republican Party Led by Thomas Jefferson & James Madison Protected states’ rights Economy based on agriculture Low tariffs Believed in strict interpretation of Constitution Pro-French foreign policy More popular in South Nations strength comes from the FARMERS!!!