Chapter 7 Review A More Perfect Union

1. Constitution – plan of government 2. Bicameral – two-house legislature 3. Republic – a government in which citizens rule through elected representatives 4. Articles of Confederation – America’s first constitution

The Articles of Confederation was a blue print for the new government *The Articles of Confederation was a blue print for the new government. *It was a failure and was replaced by the Constitution. *The Articles of Confederation did keep the colonies together during a difficult time.

Petition – to apply for something Ordinance of 1785 – established a procedure for surveying and selling the western lands north of the Ohio River. It divided the Northwest Territory into townships. 7. Northwest Ordinance – this law created a single Northwest Territory out of the lands north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River 8. 60,000 – how many people needed to live in a territory before it could apply for statehood

9. No – slavery was not allowed in the Northwest Territory 10. Stronger government – By the 1780s, what many Americans agreed that the country needed

The Northwest Ordinance and the Ordinance of 1785 Allowed the United States to expand and to incorporate new territories.

11. depression – a period when economic activity slowed and unemployment increased 12. Daniel Shays – led a rebellion in Massachusetts because judges were confiscating farmer’s land 13. Shays’ Rebellion – caused Americans to worry that the government could not control unrest and prevent violence

14. Manumission – freeing of individual enslaved persons 15 14. Manumission – freeing of individual enslaved persons 15. Philadelphia – where the convention took place. At the Philadelphia Convention the Constitution was written.

16. Virginia Plan – Proposed by Edmund Randolph, called for 2 house legislature where the number of representatives would be proportional to the population of the state. 17. New Jersey Plan – Proposed by William Paterson, this plan called for a one house legislature where each state would have one vote.

18. Grand committee – under Ben Franklin’s leadership, the convention appointed a “_____ ___” to try to resolve their disagreements.

19. George Washington was chosen to preside over the Constitutional Convention 20. Roger Sherman suggested the Great Compromise

21. 3/5 compromise – stated that each enslaved person would count as three-fifths of a free person 22. Slave – Northerners agreed that Congress would not interfere with the ____ trade until 1808 (20 years)

23. George Mason – proposed that a Bill of Rights be included in the Constitution 24. September, 1787 – when the delegates signed the Constitution 25. Magna Carta 26. English Bill of Rights – 2 important English documents that influenced the Constitution

27. Enlightenment – A movement of the 1700s that promoted knowledge, reason, and science as the means to improve society. 28. John Locke –an English philosopher who believed that all people have natural rights. He was an Enlightenment thinker!

29. Federalism – sharing of powers between the federal and state governments. Legislative – Branch of government that makes the laws Executive – Branch that enforces the laws Judicial – Branch that interprets the laws and punishes law breakers

33. Checks & Balances – the framers wanted to keep any one branch from gaining too much power (How does the president check the powers of Congress?) 34. 9 – How many states had to ratify the Constitution for it to be the “law of the land”

35. Federalists – Supporters of the Constitution 36. Antifederalists – Those who opposed the Constitution- (Why did they object to the Constitution?) 37. Federalist Papers – essays explaining the Constitution

38. Electoral College – The 38. Electoral College – The president and vice president are elected by this special group 39. Bill of Rights – Strongest criticism of the Constitution was that it did not include one 40. Amendment – something added to a document

41. 435 – the number of members in the House of Representatives 42. 100 – the number of members in the Senate 43. Constitution – under the federal system, the final authority in our government – the “supreme” law of the land