Introduction to Operating Systems Lesson 13 Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Objectives Describe the capabilities of Windows NT Server. Install Windows NT Server successfully from CD-ROM. Use the Control Panel to configure the operating system settings. Manage disks properly using basic and dynamic storage. Create and manage user accounts. Use file and folder security. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Capabilities of NT Server Sharing Resources Managing Resources Security Scalability and Compatibility Reliability Distribulity Client/Server Applications E-mail Fault Tolerant Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Pre-installation of Windows NT Server Make sure you have the necessary hardware requirements. Make sure your hardware is on the Hardware Compatibility List (HCL). Decide how to partition the hard disk. Decide what file system to use. Decide what the server name will be. Decide what the password for the Administrator account will be. Decide what protocols will be used. Decide what licensing method will be used. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Hardware Requirements CPU 80/486 or higher Memory 16 MB Hard Disk Space 124 MB Display Monitor with VGA resolution or higher Other CD-ROM drive, 2X or faster Floppy Disk Drive Network interface card Keyboard Mouse Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server File Systems Windows NT supports the NTFS, FAT32, and FAT file systems. NTFS is good for file and folder security, allows for disk quotas, and allows for file encryption. FAT is used when you want to set up the hard disk for dual booting. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Configuring Windows NT Server The Control Panel contains tools for configuring the operating system. Some of the commonly used tools are Add/Remove Hardware Add/Remove Programs Administrative Tools Date/Time Display Folder Options Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Disk Management A basic disk is one that uses traditional disk management techniques such as partitioning. A dynamic disk is one that has no restriction to the number of volumes that can be created on one disk. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Network Tool in Control Panel Used to set up a server to communicate with other protocols Used to add network services Used to resolve resource conflicts Used to add a network card Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Disk Management Disk management involves partitioning and formatting. Each partition appears as a logical drive. When a drive is partitioned, a master boot record and a partition table are created at the beginning of the disk. A partition is created with the Disk Administrator tool. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Partitions A partition may be set as primary or extended. A primary partition is one from which you boot the operating system. An extended partition is created from space that is not partitioned and is added to a primary partition. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Formatting Formatting is a process that creates a table containing file and folder information for a specific file system to access. The process creates a root directory (folder) and a volume label. Once a partition is formatted, it is called a volume and can be assigned a drive letter. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Volume Sets A volume set consists of two or more partitions that are combined to look like one volume with a single drive letter. The advantage of creating volumes is the ability to manage several small disk drives or maximize the use of scattered pockets of disk space across several disks. The disadvantage is that, if one disk in the volume set fails, the entire volume fails. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Disk Redundancy Hot fix - The operating system temporarily stores data that cannot be written immediately because of a problem at that location on the disk. Striping - The main purpose of striping disks is to extend the life of the hard disks by spreading data equally over two or more drives. Mirroring - Involves creating another copy of data on a backup disk. It is the best form of fault tolerance. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Backups A full backup is a backup of the entire system. An incremental backup only backs up files that are new or have been modified. Differential backups are the same as incremental backups, but do not remove the archive attribute. Copy backups only back up files or folders selected. Daily backups back up only files that have been changed or updated on the day that the backup is performed. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Managing Users Before creating user accounts, it is important to plan how you are going to name the users. Some conventions for creating user names are Last name followed by the first initial (SmithJ). First name initial followed by the last name (Jsmith). First name initial, middle name initial, and last name (JASmith). Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Default Users Administrator Account Manages security policies. Creates, modifies, and deletes user accounts and groups. Modifies the operating system. Creates shared folders. Installs printers. Formats and partitions the hard disk. Backs up and restores files. Guest Account - Provides limited access to temporary users of the network. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Default Groups Account Operators – This group has the rights to create, delete, and manage accounts on a server. Administrators – Administrators have full rights and permissions over files, folders, and other resources on the network. The default Administrator account is a member of this group. Backup Operators – The operators have the right to back up all files on a server. Guests – This group has limited access to a server. The default Guest account is a member of this group. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Default Groups (continued) Print Operators - This group can manage designated print services such as holding or deleting print jobs. Replicators – This group can automate the replication of files. Server Operators – This group has privileges to manage specific server functions. Users – These are regular users on a server who access server files and applications. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Account Policies Policies are security measures set up to protect the network. Some typical account policies are Set password expiration periods, forcing users to change their password after so many days. Require a minimum length for passwords. Set a lockout to go into effect after so many unsuccessful logon attempts. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Security The logon process allows users initial access to the system. The Local Security Authority (LSA) creates the security access token that allows a user access to system objects without having to re-enter his or her password every time. The Security Account Manager (SAM) database maintains all of the user and group accounts in a secure location. The LSA validates accounts using the SAM database. The Security Reference Monitor verifies that a user has access to requested objects. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server NTFS File Permissions You can assign file permissions to control the access that users have to files. No Access Read Change Full Control Special Access Permissions Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

NTFS Folder Permissions You can assign folder permissions to control the access that users have to the folder and files within it. No Access – Add & Read Full Control – Change List – Special Directory Access Add – Special File Access Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Planning Permissions To simplify administration, group files according to application, data, and home folders. Allow users only the level of access they require. Create groups according to the access that the group members require for resources, and then assign the appropriate permissions to the group. Use the Read and Execute permission when assigning permissions for working with data or application folders. Deny permission only when it is necessary to deny access to a specific user account or group. Encourage users to assign permissions to the files and folders that they create. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Summary When you install Windows NT Server, preparation will help you to avoid potential problems during the installation process. The Control Panel provides all of the tools for configuring the operating system. Drives can be partitioned in Windows NT Server. Partitioning and formatting is accomplished using the Disk Administrator tool. Once a partition is formatted, it is called a volume and can be assigned a letter. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server

Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server Summary (continued) Two accounts, Administrator and Guest, are created when you install Window NT Server. It creates six local groups. With NTFS, you can set up permissions on folders and files. Lesson 13 – Windows NT Server