February 28, 2017 Launch: Review book page 162 questions 9-12. Objective: I can explain LaMarck’s theory of “use and disuse” and why it is wrong. I can explain Darwin’s theory of ‘Natural selection” and its “requirements” Launch: Review book page 162 questions 9-12. Homework: Review book, read pages 155 – 159. Answer questions 1-8 p. 160-161. DUE WED. Mutant Dinosaur project DUE FRI 3/3/17. Castle leaning & Quiz FRIDAY 3/3. Parent – Teacher conferences Thursday 3/8/17

LAUNCH Page 162 #9-12 9) 2 10) 4 11) 3 12) The diagrams support the concept of common ancestry.

Homework

Theories of Evolution Lamarck Use and disuse – new organs arise according to the needs of the organism, unused organs are lost “Use It or Lose It” Transmission of acquired characteristics- characteristic acquired by an individual are passed on to the offspring Ex –Man lifts weights and becomes muscular and his offspring will be born muscular? Ex- Woman learns piano – children will be good pianists?

This Theory is Wrong!

Weismann – cut the tails off mice to see if offspring would be born without tails All offspring had tails Disproved Lamarcks Theory!

You cannot inherit “acquired” characteristics! This woman has become very good at basketball through PRACTICE. Will she transmit this trait to her offspring? NO! Why? Practice does not affect your DNA!!!!!

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Darwin was the naturalist on the ship the HMS Beagle(1831-1836) He made many observations of fossils and animals that he saw in South America and the Galapagos Islands

Upon his return and after much research he come up with several related theories: 1. Evolution did occur 2. Evolutionary change is gradual, occurring over thousands to millions of years 3. The primary mechanism for evolution is a process called natural selection

1859: Charles Darwin: The Theory of Evolution: It works through Natural Selection.

Darwin https://www.brainpop.com/science/famousscientists/charlesdarwin/

Example of Natural Selection: Variety of neck lengths existed. Shorter necks were weeded out. Long necks reproduced and passed on the long-neck gene.

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Evolution occurs as a result of natural selection and variation

March 1, 2017 Launch: Review book page 171 questions 1-10. Homework: Objective: I can explain LaMarck’s theory of “use and disuse” and why it is wrong. I can explain Darwin’s theory of ‘Natural selection” and its “requirements” Launch: Review book page 171 questions 1-10. Homework: Review book, pages 172-174 answer questions 11-18. DUE Thurs. Mutant Dinosaur project DUE FRI 3/3/17. Castle leaning & Quiz FRIDAY 3/3. Parent – Teacher conferences Thursday 3/9/17

HW Page 160 #1-8 1) 1 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5) 1 6) 3 7) 2 8) 4

Launch 171 #1-10 1) 3 2) 1 3) 2 4) 5) 4 6) 4 7) 8) 2 9) 3 10)

Overproduction In each generation, more offspring are produced than can survive This leads to :

Overproduction: finding Nemo Youtube Overproduction: finding Nemo Finding Nemo opening: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HG3L98NFyro Finding Nemo last egg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxbsTT1PcTI

Competition Individuals struggle to survive by competing for food, water, shelter, mates etc

Variation Characteristics that are different among organisms of the same species Ex- size, strength, color, disease resistance

Adaptations An inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival

Adaptations

Adaptations

Favorable Adaptations = Helpful variations that are passed through the species.

March 2, 2017 Launch: Review book page 171 questions 1-10. Homework: Objective: I can explain LaMarck’s theory of “use and disuse” and why it is wrong. I can explain Darwin’s theory of ‘Natural selection” and its “requirements” Launch: Review book page 171 questions 1-10. Homework: Review book, pages 172-174 answer questions 11-18. DUE Thurs. Mutant Dinosaur project DUE FRI 3/3/17. Castle leaning & Quiz FRIDAY 3/3. Parent – Teacher conferences Thursday 3/9/17

HW Page 172-174 #11-18 11) 1 12)1 13)2 14) 1 15) 3 16) Species B & C have a common ancestor F that is more recent than the common ancestor H of species A & C. 17) 4 18) 3

Launch 174 #19-20 176 # 26-28 p. 19 -20 p. 176 19) The species could become extinct. 20) Mutations change DNA resulting in new traits. 26) 4 27) 3 28) 2

Survival of the Fittest The organisms that are best adapted to the environment will live long enough to reproduce

How did deer evolve to be fast runners? Variety existed. Overproduction of deer. Predators apply pressure. Slow deer are weeded out.

Survival of the Fittest Variety Survival of the Fittest

Reproduction Surviving individuals pass their traits on to their offspring

Speciation An accumulation of passed on variations will allow a new species to form

SPECIATION: Formation of new species. (When several changes build up over a long period of time.)

Bee Orchids Evolved from a common ancestor. But can no longer mate with each other.

Evolved from a common ancestor but can no longer mate with each other.

Evolution Individuals do not evolve. Populations do. A change in the genetic make-up of a POPULATION over time.

Natural Selection STEPS: Variety already exists due to… MUTATION (radiation or replication mistakes) SEXUAL REPRODUCTION (meiosis) A “selective pressure” exists which weeds out the “Less Fit”. Only the fittest survive and reproduce. The population as a whole is different than before. selection

Darwin’s Theory does not explain a genetic basis for the variations that occur in organisms

DeVries stated that mutations were a source of new traits that permits evolution to occur

Why are mutations often called the raw materials of evolution?

Practice questions

Practice questions

The Beaks of Finches NYSED Lab Michael Comet South Lewis High School Turin, NY

Who said this? Darwin or Lamarck? "The giraffe is obliged to browse on trees and continually is forced to stretch upwards. This habit, maintained over long periods of time, has resulted in the forelimbs becoming longer than the hind ones, and the neck so elongated that the giraffe can raise its head to a height of 18 feet without taking its forelimbs of the ground." LAMARCK

The peppered moth is an example of… Evolution by the process of… Natural Selection

Darwin or Lamarck? LAMARCK Due to a need, organisms acquired the ability to move from water onto the land. LAMARCK

Lamarck is wrong Which statement would most likely have been used by Lamarck to explain the development of a long trunk in elephants? Elephants stretched their trunks to reach a food supply, and this longer trunk was passed on. A mutation occurred, and its frequency increased in later generations. Elephants with longer trunks had a higher survival rate, and the longer trunk was passed on. Elephants with short trunks were most likely sterile.

Closure questions Answer the following questions