Central Nervous System Part 2

Anticonvulsants

Uses Epilepsy: Seizures accompanied by loss or disturbance of consciousness and possibly abnormal body movements (convulsions) Needs to be individualized by dose and addition of other anticonvulsant agents Prevent the occurrence of seizures; they do not cure the disease

Side effects Drowsiness Slurred speech Addiction Tolerance and dependence Respiratory and cardiac depression (with high doses)

Examples Phenobarbital, Legend Drug, Schedule IV Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) Lamotrigine (Lamictal) Phenytoin (Dilantin) Levetiracetam (Keppra) Carbamazepine (Tegretol)  Topiramate (Topamax)  Valproic acid and its derivatives (Depakene, Depakote) Zonisamide (Zonegran) Primidone (Mysoline) Gabapentin (Neurontin) Pregabalin (Lyrica), Schedule V Lamotrigine (Lamictal) 

ANTIPHYCHOTICS

Uses Relieve the signs and symptoms of psychosis (e.g. Schizophrenia) Have a much better effect on the positive symptoms of psychosis: Auditory and visual hallucinations, agitation, suspiciousness, feeling of persecution, ideas of reference, and intrusion of unwanted thoughts Noncompliance is the leading cause of recurrent positive psychotic symptoms in those patients who initially responded Negative symptoms include emotional apathy, extreme inattentiveness, and social withdrawal

Side effects Sedation Extrapyramidal symptoms (abnormal body movements) Anticholinergic symptoms (dry mouth, blurred vision, etc) Orthostatic hypotension is a form of low blood pressure that happens when you stand up from sitting or lying down Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

Examples- typical (1st generation) Haloperidol (Haldol) Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Prochlorperazine (Compazine) Fluphenazine (Prolixin - Permitil) Thiothixene (Navane)

Examples- atypical (2nd generation) Clozapine (Clozaril) Quetiapine (Seqroquel) White blood cells Asenapine (Saphris) Risperidone (Risperdal ) Iloperidone (Fanapt) Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Paliperidone (Invega) Aripiprazole (Abilify) Ziprasidone (Geodon)