Fujitsu Training Documentation RAID Groups and Volumes RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 ETERNUS DX 60 S4, DX100 S4, DX200 S4 DX 60 S3, DX100 S3, DX200 S3 DX500 S3, DX600 S3 DX8700 S3, DX8900 S3 AF250, AF650 RAID Groups and Volumes RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Fujitsu Training Documentation RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Contents RAID Functionality Dynamic LUN Configuration RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Fujitsu Training Documentation RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 RAID Functionality Supported RAID Levels Comparison RAID 5+0 and RAID 5 Improved Reliability and Performance with RAID 5+0 Further Improved Reliability with RAID 5+0 Comparison Between RAID 5, 5+0 and 6 Introduction into RAID 6FR Stripe Depth RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Fujitsu Training Documentation Supported RAID Levels RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Comparison RAID 5+0 and RAID 5 Fujitsu Training Documentation Comparison RAID 5+0 and RAID 5 RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 RAID 5+0 provides high performance and large capacity by striping the data and parity blocks over two RAID 5 configurations This increases the data transfer rate in comparison to a standard RAID 5 configuration RAID 5 RAID 5+0 Because RAID 5+0 consist in practice of two RAID 5 sets it enables a RAID Group with double the capacity of RAID 5 RAID 5 can be set up from 2+1 up to maximum 15+1 disk configuration RAID 5+0 can be set up from 2 x (2+1 up to maximum 15+1) P3 D3-1 D2-1 D1-1 D2-2 D1-2 D3-2 RAID 5 (3D+1P) D3-3 D2-3 P1 P2 D1-3 4 drives "D" = data area "P" = parity area RAID 5+0 (3D+1P) x 2 D3-1 D2-1 D1-1 P3 D2-2 D1-2 D3-2 P2 D1-3 D3-3 D2-3 P1 D3-4 D2-4 D1-4 P3” D2-5 D1-5 D3-5 P2” D1-6 D3-6 D2-6 P1” Equivalent to RAID 5 (3D+1P) 8 drives Striping RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Improved Reliability with RAID 5+0 Fujitsu Training Documentation Improved Reliability with RAID 5+0 RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 RAID 5+0 One drive from each of the RAID 5 sets could fail without loss of data After a single disk failure, RAID 5+0 has a shorter rebuild time than RAID 5 with the same number of data disks RAID 5+0 has less disks per RAID 5 set and therefore less data disks to use for the re-calculation Rebuild time will be long due to increase in number of drives D3-1 D2-1 D1-1 D3-2 D2-2 D1-2 D3-3 D2-3 D1-3 RAID 5 (6D+1P) D3-4 D2-4 D1-4 P3 D2-5 D1-5 D3-5 P2 D1-6 D3-6 D2-6 P1 7 drives "D" = data area "P" = parity area Shorter rebuild time than 6D+1P Small number of drives RAID 5+0 (3D+1P) x 2 D3-1 D2-1 D1-1 P3 D2-2 D1-2 D3-2 P2 D1-3 D3-3 D2-3 P1 D3-4 D2-4 D1-4 P3” D2-5 D1-5 D3-5 P2” D1-6 D3-6 D2-6 P1” 4+4 drives Equivalent to RAID 5 (3D+1P) RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Improved Performance with RAID 5+0 Fujitsu Training Documentation Improved Performance with RAID 5+0 RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 RAID 5+0 writes faster than RAID 6 due to lower load in writing RAID 6 needs more calculation time during write for double parities RAID 5+0 can recover from double disk failure providing the disks fail from different RAID 5 sets RAID 6 (6D+2P) D3-1 D2-1 D1-1 D3-5 D2-5 P1 D3-2 D2-2 D1-2 P3 D2-3 D1-3 Q3 D2-4 D1-4 D3-3 P2 D1-5 D3-4 Q2 D1-6 D3-6 D2-6 Q1 8 drives Striping Able to recover from two concurrent drive failures - Two parity drives are created - High loads when writing data "D" = data area "P" = parity area RAID 5+0 (3D+1P) x 2 D3-1 D2-1 D1-1 P3 D2-2 D1-2 D3-2 P2 D1-3 D3-3 D2-3 P1 D3-4 D2-4 D1-4 P3” D2-5 D1-5 D3-5 P2” D1-6 D3-6 D2-6 P1” 8 drives Faster data transfer with RAID5 (3D+1P) by striping Equivalent to RAID 5 (3D+1P) Recover from single drive failure in each RAID 5 (3D+1P) RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Further Improved Reliability with RAID 6 Fujitsu Training Documentation Further Improved Reliability with RAID 6 RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Tolerates two simultaneous hard disk failures in the same RAID Group independent of the disk position RAID 5+0 can recover from double disk failure only providing the disks do not fail in the same RAID 5 set This is advantageous when using large capacity hard disks that need a long time for rebuild For example Nearline SAS disks RAID 6 (6D+2P) 8 drives D1-1 D1-2 D1-3 D1-4 D1-5 D1-6 P1 Q1 D2-1 D2-2 D2-3 D2-4 P2 Q2 D2-5 D2-6 D3-1 D3-2 P3 Q3 D3-3 D3-4 D3-5 D3-6 Striping Able to recover from two concurrent drive failures Uses two different parity blocks for the recalculation of missing data "D" = data area "P", "Q" = parity area RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Comparison of RAID Levels (1) Fujitsu Training Documentation Comparison of RAID Levels (1) RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Reliability 1) Data efficiency 2) Write performance 3) RAID1 Good OK RAID1+0 Very good RAID5 RAID5+0 RAID6 RAID1+0 RAID1+0 Write performance RAID5+0 Write performance RAID5+0 RAID5 RAID5 RAID6 RAID1 RAID1 RAID6 Reliability Data efficiency 1) 2) 3) On next page RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Comparison of RAID Levels (2) Fujitsu Training Documentation Comparison of RAID Levels (2) RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 1) RAID1,1+0: Mirror all drives RAID5: Able to recover from one drive failure on the same stripe RAID5+0: Possible to recover two drive failures on the same stripe (Possible to recover one drive failure on a RAID array) RAID6: Able to recover from two drive failures on the same stripe 2) User data area in all volumes when compared at each RAID array of the same user volume 3) Compared at 8KB random access performance Relative superiority of sequential access performance varies depending on system configurations RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Operation Principle of Fast Recovery Fujitsu Training Documentation Operation Principle of Fast Recovery RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Fast Recovery offers a technology to shorten the rebuild time Instead using a Hot Spare drive a reserved area to be used during rebuild is allocated in each drive of the RAID Group When a drive failure occurs the reserved areas across the drives are used to hold the data of the failed drive Unlike the traditional functionality of rebuild re-generating the data of the failed drive to the Hot Spare Provides considerable reduction of rebuild time Fast Recovery requires a copy-back after a drive has been replaced RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

ETERNUS DX Fast Rebuild - RAID6-FR1) (1) Fujitsu Training Documentation ETERNUS DX Fast Rebuild - RAID6-FR1) (1) RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 RAID6-FR is equal to RAID6 with striping Uses double distributed parity Provides high speed rebuild2) Better performance achieved through striping of the FHS3) Creation of a RAID6-FR takes less time than that of RAID6 Up to four drives can fail simultaneously Capacity used for the reserved areas equals that of a Hot Spare 4) 3) 1) Available with firmware V10L20 onwards 2) Reduces the rebuild time of a 1 TB drive to 90 minutes from 9 hours 3) FHS means Fast recovery Hot Spare block that is distributed across all disks 4) P1 A,B,C is the first Parity block of these 3 data blocks RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

ETERNUS DX Fast Rebuild - RAID6-FR (2) Fujitsu Training Documentation ETERNUS DX Fast Rebuild - RAID6-FR (2) RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 In case of a drive error The failed drive is degraded to status failed The data of the failed drive is re-created to the FHS from the remaining drives RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

ETERNUS DX Fast Rebuild - RAID6-FR (3) Fujitsu Training Documentation ETERNUS DX Fast Rebuild - RAID6-FR (3) RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 A RAID6-FR is created like any other RAID Group Except that the option "Create Mode" has to be set to "Manual" to enable the option RAID6-FR Possible values are shown on next page RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

ETERNUS DX Fast Rebuild - RAID6-FR (3) Fujitsu Training Documentation ETERNUS DX Fast Rebuild - RAID6-FR (3) RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 With firmware V10L20 and later the following RAID6-FR configurations are supported Within the GUI window "Create RAID Group" the following configuration options are selectable in the selection box "Fast Recovery Configuration" The higher the number of usable disks, the less the cost in number of drives for a given amount of user storage capacity Configuration No. of Disks No. of usable Disk Recovery Speed RAID6-FR (2x (3D+2P) + 1HS) 11 6 1.9 x vs. RAID6 (3D+2P) RAID6-FR (2x (6D+2P) + 1HS) 17 12 2.1 x vs. RAID6 (6D+2P)1) RAID6-FR (2x (9D+2P) + 1HS) 23 18 1.8 x vs. RAID6 (9D+2P) RAID6-FR (2x (12+2P) + 1HS) 29 24 2.0 x vs. RAID6 (12D+2P) RAID6-FR (4x (5D+2P) + 1HS) 20 4.4 x vs. RAID6 (5D+2P) RAID6-FR (2x (13D+2P) + 1HS) 31 26 2.3 x vs. RAID6 (13D+2P) RAID6-FR (6x (3D+2P) + 1HS) 7.2 x vs. RAID6 (3D+2P) 1) Fujitsu recommendation RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Fujitsu Training Documentation Stripe Depth RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Stripe depth can be set for RAID Group types 0, 1+0 and 5 Bigger stripe size improve random I/O performance by placing data stripes more often within a single drive instead of across drives I/O request Stripe size RAID5 (with default Stripe Depth) RAID5 (with expanded Stripe Depth) RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Distribute RAID Groups evenly across DE Fujitsu Training Documentation Distribute RAID Groups evenly across DE RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 RAID Group types 1, 1+0, 5, 5+0, 6 and 6FR Fujitsu recommend that the disk drives be arranged to span different enclosures and SAS Backend Buses For better reliability and with regard to the SAS Backend load balancing DX100 S3 / 200 S3 DX500/600 S3 DX8700/8900 S3 1* SAS Backend Bus 2* resp. 4* SAS Backend Bus per CE RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

RAID Group Recommendation Fujitsu Training Documentation RAID Group Recommendation RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 For RAID5, RAID5+0, and RAID6, ensure that a single RAID group is not being configured with too many disk drives If the number of disk drives increases, the time to perform data restoration from parities and Rebuild/Copyback also increases when a disk drive fails Use of higher capacity disk drives will increase the time required for the drive rebuild process to complete 1) D = Data, M = Mirror, P = Parity RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Dynamic LUN Configuration Fujitsu Training Documentation RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Dynamic LUN Configuration Logical Device Expansion LUN Concatenation RAID Migration Dynamic LUN Expansion RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Logical Device Expansion Fujitsu Training Documentation Logical Device Expansion RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Expand capacity (free space) of a RAID Group by adding unused disk drives RAID level can be changed Unused disks not assigned to any RAID Group Existing RAID Group RAID 5 (3+1) Same RAID Group RAID 5 (5+1) Expands RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Fujitsu Training Documentation LUN Concatenation RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 LUN capacity can be expanded by using LUN concatenation Consolidates unused areas in the same or across multiple RAID Groups for efficient use of drives NOTE: After LUN Concatenation it may be necessary to adapt the Operating System and/or application to recognize the increased LUN size Maximum LUN capacity is 128 TB Minimum LUN capacity is 1 GB Maximum number of LUNs that can be concatenated is 16 Able to mix different RAID levels RAID Group 1 RAID Group 2 RAID Group 1 RAID Group 2 RAID 5 450 GB x4 RAID 5 450 GB x4 RAID 5 450 GB x4 RAID 5 450 GB x4 concatenate LUN0　1.2 TB LUN1 600 GB LUN0 1.2 TB LUN1 600 GB Unused area 1.2 TB RAID-Grp1 LUN2 with 1.8 TB LUN2 600 GB RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Fujitsu Training Documentation RAID Migration RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Enables data to be moved between different RAID Groups without interrupting operation Migrate existing LUNs from a RAID Group to a different one Migration between different RAID levels RAID migration to expand LUN capacity Migration is transparent from server point of view DX S3 / S4 and AF systems allow to migrate concatenated LUNs Migrate data to a high reliable RAID level Migrate data to large capacity drives RAID 5 600 GB Unused 600 GB LUN 0 RAID Group 1 RAID Group 2 Unused 600 GB RAID 1+0 600 GB LUN 0 Mirroring RAID Group 1 RAID Group 2 LUN 0 RAID 5 300 GB Unused 600 GB RAID Group 1 RAID Group 2 Unused 300 GB LUN 0 RAID 5 600 GB RAID Group 1 RAID Group 2 RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Dynamic RAID Group and LUN Expansion Fujitsu Training Documentation Dynamic RAID Group and LUN Expansion RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 The ETERNUS DX and AF Series is able to expand the capacity of LUN (Logical Unit Number) and RAID Group without stopping the operation LUN0 New added drive Current RAID Group RAID 5 (4+1) Expand Logical device expansion Expand RAID Group by "Logical Device Expansion" RAID Group now RAID 5 (5+1) LUN0 Unused area LUN Concatenation LUN0 Expand LUN0 capacity by "LUN concatenation" RAID Group RAID 5 (5+1) RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Fujitsu Training Documentation Volume Creation (1) RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 The Web GUI of ETERNUS DX and AF Series provides a window ''Create Volume'' This is not usable for Flex Tier Volumes RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Fujitsu Training Documentation Volume Creation (2) RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 The ETERNUS DX and AF Series support different type of volumes Standard Volume most commonly used volumes Wide Striping Volume capacity is distributed in stripes across (WSV) several RAID-Groups. Improved access speed with random I/O Thin Provisioning Volume Virtual Volume assigned to Thin (TPV) Provisioning Pool (capacity on demand) Snap Data Volume Special Volume with small phys. capacity (SDV) used in a volume copy session as destination volume. Per snap generation one SDV Snap Data Pool Volume Special volume to expand the capacity of (SDP) the Snap Data Pool. All system wide SDVs are requesting on demand capacity chunks from this SDP. RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Fujitsu Training Documentation Volume Creation (3) RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 The ETERNUS DX and AF Series support different type of volumes, continue NAS Volume Virtual Volume type based on Thin Provisioning. Is only supported with "unified" installed. Deduplication/Compression Virtual Volume based on Thin Provisioning. Volume Volume has to be enabled for deduplication. Flex Tier Volume Special Volume type used by Automated Storage Tiering. Is distributed accross 2 or 3 Sub-Tier-Pools and can be configured only with SF-Manager. RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017

Fujitsu Training Documentation RAID Groups and Volumes ETERNUS DX S3 / S4 Copyright Fujitsu, Release June 2017