The Space Race & The Berlin Crisis

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Presentation transcript:

The Space Race & The Berlin Crisis US History II

Lift Off: Space Race Continues USSR Yuri Gagurin Russian Cosmonaut (astronaut) April 12, 1961 took off in Vostok I First human in space and orbit the earth.

USA: Mercury Missions Learn if humans could survive the difficulties of spaceflight Alan B. Shepard Jr. became the first American to fly into space. 15-minute suborbital mission May 5, 1961 John H. Glenn Jr. became the first U.S. astronaut to orbit the Earth Project Mercury achieved its goal of putting piloted spacecraft into Earth orbit and retrieving the astronauts safely

Gemini Missions Extended NASA's human spaceflight program to spacecraft built for two astronauts Data on weightlessness, perfected reentry and splashdown procedures, and demonstrated rendezvous and docking in space Edward H. White, Jr., became the first U.S. astronaut to conduct a spacewalk

Apollo Missions Apollo became a NASA priority on May 25 1961, when President John F. Kennedy announced "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to Earth." A direct response to Soviet successes in space, Kennedy used Apollo as a high-profile effort for the U.S. to demonstrate to the world its scientific and technological superiority over its cold war adversary.

Apollo Missions Apollo Program lasted 1963 to 1972 Goal: land a human to the moon return to Earth costing $25.4 billion Six of the Apollo missions would land on the moon

July 20, 1969 Apollo 11 Crew: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, & “Buzz” Aldrin “The Eagle has landed” - Moon landing site: Sea of Tranquility Armstrong: “This is one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind”

Berlin Crisis Escape from East Berlin 1950 to 1961 100,000 to 200,000 refugees escape to West Berlin. The only way to stop them was by force.

Berlin Crisis <Aug. 1961> Berlin Wall East Germany sealed off 32,000 combat and engineer troops build the wall Border Police control the newly constructed barrier.