1. Notes Science SPI 0807.T/E.2 Eng Design Process
Tennessee Science SPI Standard: (0807.T/E.2)
Evaluate a protocol to determine if the engineering design process was successfully applied.
Tennessee US History Standard: (US.73)
Describe the competition between the two “superpowers” of the United States and the Soviet Union in the areas of arms development, economic dominance, and ideology…
Tennessee US History Standard: (US.104)
Evaluate technological and scientific advances, including the work of significant innovators…in the fields of medicine, transportation, communication…
Tennessee US History (former) Standard: (US.88)
Describe President Kennedy’s…program to propel the United States to superiority in the Space Race

2. Cold War/Space Race USA vs. USSR
During the Cold War, ( ), USA and USSR (Russia)
worked against each other with competing space programs.
US Astronauts
USSR Cosmonaut

3. Link (3 min 50 sec): Soviet Atomic Weapons (Tsar Bomb)
In the Cold War, America and Russia strived to gain advantages
over each other militarily.
At first, American had the advantage with the atomic bomb.
However, by 1949 Russia also had developed an atomic bomb, and
each country built larger and faster rockets to carry these bombs.
Link (3 min 50 sec): Soviet Atomic Weapons (Tsar Bomb)

4. Space Race:
USA vs. USSR
Fact: USSR (Russia) leaped ahead of the USA when they
put the first satellite (Sputnik 1) in orbit in 1957.
F.Y.I.: The name Sputnik means “traveling companion”
Sputnik 1 (1957)

5. Space Race:
USA vs. USSR
Fact: USSR (Russia) also put the first “astronaut” in
space in 1957 on the Sputnik 2 mission.
Fact: This “astronaut” was a dog names Laika.
Fact: USA’s first animal in orbit was chimp named Ham (1961).

6. Space Race:
USA vs. USSR
Fact: The USSR (Russia) maintained their lead when they
put the first human in orbit (Yuri Gagarin) in 1961.
Fact: The Russians called him a “cosmonaut” while the
United States instead chose to call their spacemen “astronauts”
F.Y.I: He may not have been the first. There may have been
another cosmonaut that was first that died during the mission.
Yuri Gagarin
(First Man In Space)
Fact: US did not place a man in orbit until 1962 (John Glenn).

7. Valentina Tereshokova
Space Race:
USA vs. USSR
Fact: USSR (Russia) maintained their lead when they put
the first woman in orbit (Valentina Tereshkova) in 1963.
Valentina Tereshokova
(First Woman In Space)
Note: US did not place a woman into space until 1983 (Sally Ride)

8. SPI 0807.T/E.2 (Eng Des Process)
US.88 (Space Race)
Notes
Science
Fact: President Kennedy (JFK) wanted to inspire the
country to catch up and move ahead of the Russians.
So in
1961 he committed the USA to landing a man on the moon
before 1970.
Fact: This lead to three NASA spaceflight projects
(1) Project Mercury
(2) Project Gemini
(3) Project Apollo

9. Project Mercury ( )
This was the USA's first human spaceflight program
It had two main goals
Goal 01: put a human in orbit
Goal 02: do this before the Soviet Union
Project Mercury
Atlas Rocket
(1961)
Goal 01: Achieved this goal in 1962
Goal 02: Failed (Russians did it first)
Mercury Capsule
(1962)

10. (extra-vehicular activity)
Project Gemini ( )
This was the USA's second human spaceflight program
It had several goals
Goal: practice linking up spaceships in orbit
Goal: in orbit have astronauts work outside their spaceship
Goals: All goals were achieved by 1966
Project Gemini
(extra-vehicular activity)
Gemini 6 and 7
(docking spacecraft)

11. Project Apollo ( )
This was the USA's mission to land astronauts on the moon.
Tragedy: The first mission, Apollo 1, was a failure. On the launch
pad a fire killed the three astronauts on board.
Success: Apollo 11 mission, two astronauts landed on the moon.
Lunar Lander
(1969)
Astronaut Buzz Aldrin
(1969)

12. Project Apollo (1968-1972) More US Success:
US astronauts landed on the moon six times
(Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo 14, Apollo 15, Apollo 16, Apollo 17)
Apollo 13 Success/Failure:
Equipment failure almost cost the lives of the Apollo 13 crew.
Video Link (2 min 28 sec): Niel Armstrong-First Moon Landing

13. Russian Moon Lander (Never Used)
Soviet Lunar Program
USSR Success/Failure:
Russia had over 15 successful Moon missions (no manned landings)
Success: First probe successfully sent to the Moon (Luna ).
Success: First lunar obiter (Luna )
Success: First lunar landing-Luna 9 (1966-unmanned)
Failure: Attempted to beat Apollo 11 (Luna 15-crashed 1969)
Luna
Russian Moon Lander (Never Used)

14. SPI 0807.T/E.2 (Eng Des Process)
Brainpop Video
SPI 0807.T/E.2 (Eng Des Process)
US.88 (Space Race)
Science
Enrichment: Watch a Brainpop video about the Apollo Project
Click on this link and log in: Brainpop website