Systems Analysis & Design N106 Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology BSc (IT) – First Year Systems Analysis & Design N106

Lecture 1 Introduction

Course Identification Lecturer in charge – Nideshika Ellepola E-mail – nideshika.e@sliit.lk Meeting lecturer on Wednesday 2.30 PM to 3.30 PM

Unit Objective To provide students an overall knowledge on the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and to facilitate a detailed learning of the main phases which are, Planning Analysis Design Implementation

Unit Learning Outcomes On completion of the unit you should know, The phases and the sub activities of the SDLC Should also have a good knowledge of the different mechanisms used in the sub activities Able to compare and select an appropriate mechanism according to the given situation

Unit Assessment Criteria Mid term examination – 30% Group Project – 15% Lab Attendance & Performance – 05% Final Examination – 50% To pass this unit, students are required to get at least 45% of the marks for the midterm, the assignment and the final examination.

Unit Outline - Lectures Week Lecture Assignments Week 1 Introduction to SAD Week 2 Project Initiation Group Registration Week 3 Project Management Week 4 Systems Analysis Week 5 Gathering Information Assignment 1 Week 6 Process Modeling Week 7 Mid Term Examination Week 8 System Design Week 9 Architecture Design Week 10 User Interface Structure Design Week 11 User Interface Design Components Assignment 2 Week 12 Program Design Week 13 Construction & Installation Week 14 Revision

Unit Outline - Labs Week Lecture Week 2 Introduction to Microsoft Visio 2010 Week 3 Introduction to Microsoft Project 2010 Week 4 Exercises on Microsoft Project Week 5 Compiling a survey for information gathering Week 6 DFD Tutorial 1 & 2 Week 7 Mid Term Examination Week 8 DFD Tutorial 3 & 4 Week 9 DFD Tutorial 5 & 6 Week 10 DFD Tutorial 7 & 8 Week 11 DFD – Past Papers Week 12 Structure Chart Tutorial 1 Week 13 Structure Chart Tutorial 2 & 3 Week 14 Structure Chart - Past Papers

References Systems Analysis & Design By – Alan Dennis & Barbra Haley Wixom

Attention Attendance for the lecture + tutorial sessions is compulsory. (80% of attendance is compulsory) Lab Attendance is compulsory and marks will be given for performance. Plagiarism is prohibited. You will be penalized.

Key Ideas Many failed systems were abandoned because analysts tried to build wonderful systems without understanding the organization. The primarily goal is to create value for the organization.

Key Ideas The systems analyst is a key person analyzing the business, identifying opportunities for improvement, and designing information systems to implement these ideas. It is important to understand and develop through practice the skills needed to successfully design and implement new information systems.

THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

Major Attributes of the Lifecycle The project – Moves systematically through phases where each phase has a standard set of outputs Produces project deliverables Uses deliverables in implementation Results in actual information system Uses gradual refinement

Project Phases Planning (Why build the system?) Analysis (Who, what when, where will the system be?) Design (How will the system work?) Implementation (System delivery)

A “Simple” Process for Making Lunch

Planning Identifying business value Analyze feasibility Develop work plan Staff the project Control and direct project

Analysis Analysis Information gathering Process modeling Data modeling

Design Physical design Architectural design Interface design Database and file design Program design

Implementation Construction Installation

Processes and Deliverables Product Project Plan System Proposal System Specification New System and Maintenance Plan Planning Analysis Design Implementation

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES

What Is a Methodology? A formalized approach or series of steps Examples Process-Centered Data-Centered Object-Oriented

Waterfall Development Method

Pros and Cons of the Waterfall Method Identifies systems requirements long before programming begins Design must be specified on paper Long time between system proposal and delivery of new system

Alternatives to the SDLC Parallel Development Rapid Application Development (RAD) Phased Development Prototyping Spiral Development Packaged Systems

Parallel Development Method

Pros and Cons of Parallel Development Reduces Scheduled Time Less Chance of Rework Still Uses Paper Documents Sub-projects May Be Difficult to Integrate

Rapid Application Development CASE tools JAD sessions Fourth generation/visualization programming languages Code generators

Three RAD Categories Phased development Prototyping A series of versions Prototyping System prototyping Throw-away prototyping Design prototyping

Phased Development

Phased Development Advantages Disadvantage Identification of important requirements. Quickly get a useful system to the users. Disadvantage Difficult to include all the important features in the version 1.

How Prototyping Works

Prototyping Advantages Disadvantage Have a system in place for the user at an early stage. Ability to quickly refine real requirements. Reassures the client. Disadvantage Requirements have to be analyzed quickly and carefully.

Throwaway Prototyping

Throwaway Prototyping Advantages Resolve technical issues. Enables the users to understand the system. Disadvantage Do not make use of the prototype.

Criteria for Selecting the Appropriate Methodology Clear user requirements Familiar technology Complexity Reliability Time schedule Schedule visibility

TEAM ROLES AND SKILLS

Information Systems Roles Business analyst System analyst Infrastructure analyst Change management analyst Project manager

Summary The Systems Development Lifecycle consists of four stages: Planning, Analysis, Design, and Implementation There are five major development methodologies: the waterfall method, the parallel development method, the phased development method, system prototyping and design prototyping. There are five major team roles: business analyst, systems analyst, infrastructure analyst, change management analyst and project manager.

Thank you! Q & A