1. Systems Analysis and Design Third Edition
Alan Dennis, Barbara Haley Wixom, and Roberta Roth John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Slides by Candace S. Garrod
Red Rocks Community College
Modified by Yusuf Altunel
To be presented in CSE 440 Systems Analysis and Design
İKU Department of Computer Engineering
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2. Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design
Chapter 1
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3. Chapter Outline The Systems Development Life Cycle
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Systems Development Methodologies
Structured Design
Rapid Application Development
Agile Development
Selecting the Appropriate Methodology
Project Team Skills and Roles
Business Analyst
Systems Analyst
Infrastructure Analyst
Project Manager
Agile: Çevik
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4. The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
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5. SDLC: Systems Development Live Cycle
Each of the phases include a set of steps
rely on techniques
lead to specific deliverables
produce specific documents and files
to provide understanding about the project.
The system evolves through gradual refinement
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6. SDLC: Systems Development Live Cycle
The SDLC is composed of four fundamental phases:
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
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7. Phase I: Planning To define determine how the project team will
why information system should be built.
determine how the project team will
build the information system.
The Planning phase is
composed of two steps.
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8. Two Planning Steps Project initiation: Project management:
Identify the system’s business value
How will it lower costs or increase revenues?
Project management:
create a work plan,
staffs the project,
puts techniques in place
direct the project through the entire SDLC.
identify the deliverables
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9. Planning Overview
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10. Phase II: Analysis To answer the questions of
who will use the system,
what the system will do,
where and when it will be used.
the project analysis team
investigates any current system(s),
identifies improvement opportunities,
develops a concept for the new system.
This phase has three analysis steps.
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11. Three Analysis Steps Analysis strategy: Requirements gathering:
developed to guide the projects team’s efforts.
Requirements gathering:
leads to the development of
a concept for a new system.
used to build a set of analysis models.
System proposal:
presented to the project sponsor
and other key individuals
to decide
if the project should continue to move forward.
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12. Deliverables The system proposal new system’s an analysis model
describes
business requirements
the new system should meet.
new system’s
an analysis model
a high-level initial design.
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13. Analysis Overview
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14. Phase III: Design Decide how the system will operate
the hardware,
software,
network infrastructure
Design and Specification of
the user interface, forms, and reports
the specific programs, databases, and files
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15. Five Design Steps Design Strategy: Architecture Design:
clarifies development strategy:
by the company (internal)
or outside the company (outsourcing).
Architecture Design:
To describe the characteristics of
hardware,
software,
network infrastructure.
Database and File Specifications:
to define
what will be stored
where the data will be stored.
Program Design:
What programs need to be written
What programs will do.
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16. Design Overview
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17. Phase IV: Implementation
the system is
either developed
or purchased.
This phase is
usually the longest
and most expensive part of the process.
The phase has three steps:
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18. Three Implementation Steps
System Construction:
The system is built
tested to make sure
it performs as designed.
Installation:
Prepare to support the installed system.
Support Plan:
Includes a post-implementation review.
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19. Implementation Overview
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20. Systems Development Methodologies
A methodology is
a formalized approach
to implement the SDLC.
The methodology vary depending on the emphasis is
on business processes
or on the data
supporting the business.
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21. Process-centered Methodologies
the focus is
on defining the activities
associated with the system.
represent the system
as a set of processes
information flowing into
and out of the processes.
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22. Data-centered Methodologies
focuses on defining
the content of the data storage containers
and how they are organized.
Data-centered methodologies
utilize data models
as the core of the system concept.
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23. Object-oriented Methodologies
attempts to balance the focus
between the processes and data.
The Unified Modeling Language (UML)
is used to describe the system concept
as a collection of objects
incorporating both data and processes.
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24. Category I of the System Development Methodology: Structured Design
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25. Structured Design a formal step-by-step approach
the SDLC moves logically
from one phase to the next.
use of formal modeling techniques
Create diagrams
to describe system’s basic business processes
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26. Structured Design Methodologies
Waterfall
Parallel Development
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27. Waterfall Development
proceed sequentially
from one phase to the next.
The two key advantages:
The system requirements
are identified long before programming begins.
Changes to the requirements
are minimized as the project proceeds.
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28. Waterfall Development-based Methodology
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29. Waterfall: Disadvantages
The two key disadvantages of waterfall:
The design must be
completely specified
before programming begins.
A long time elapses
between the completion of the system proposal
and the delivery of the system.
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30. Parallel Development attempts to address the long time interval
between the analysis phase
and the delivery of the system.
Perfomr a general design
for the entire system
Divide the project
into a series of distinct subprojects.
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31. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Roth Systems Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition
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32. Category II of the System Development Methodology: Rapid Application Development (RAD)
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33. Rapid Application Development (RAD)
adjust the SDLC phases
to get some part of system developed quickly
and into the hands of the users.
recommend the analysts to use
special techniques
and computer tools
CASE: Computer Aided Software Engineering Tools
IDE: Integrated Development Environment
speed up the development phases:
analysis, design, and implementation
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34. RAD Methodologies Phased Development Prototyping
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35. Phased Development breaks the overall system Steps:
into a series of versions
developed sequentially.
Steps:
categorizes the requirements
into a series of versions,
bundle the most important
and fundamental requirements
produce analysis model
of the first version of the system.
design and implementation
Complete version 1.
continue with version 2
As each version is completed,
the team begins work on a new version.
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36. Phased Development-based Methodology
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37. Prototyping A prototype is Concurrency of phases:
a smaller version of the system
with a minimal amount of features.
Concurrency of phases:
analysis, design and implementation
Perform all three phases cyclecally
until the system is completed.
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38. Prototyping-based Methodology
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39. Advantage: Disadvantage:
Provides a system for the users to interact with,
even if it is not initially ready for use.
Disadvantage:
Often the prototype undergoes significant changes
many initial design decisions prove to be poor ones.
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40. Throwaway Prototyping
are similar to prototyping based methodologies.
The main difference is
throwaway prototyping IS completed
during a different point in the SDLC.
Has relatively thorough analysis phase.
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41. Throwaway Prototyping-based Methodology
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42. Category III of the System Development Methodology: Agile Development
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43. Agile Development This category focuses on
streamlining the SDLC
eliminating much of the modeling
and documentation overhead
and the time spent on those tasks.
Projects emphasize
simple, iterative application development.
This category uses
extreme programming:
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44. Extreme Programming (XP)
Extreme Programming (XP) was founded on four core values:
Communication
Simplicity
Feedback
Courage
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45. Close interaction with the end users
Key Principles of XP
Continuous testing
Simple coding
Close interaction with the end users
to build systems very quickly
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46. An Extreme Programming-based Methodology
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47. Selecting the Appropriate Development Methodology
Selecting a methodology is not simple,
as no one methodology is always best.
Many organizations have their own standards.
The next figure summarizes
some important methodology selection criteria.
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48. Criteria for Selecting a Methodology
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49. Clarity of User Requirements
RAD methodologies of prototyping
and throwaway prototyping
are usually more appropriate when user requirements are unclear
as they provide prototypes for users
to interact with early in the SDLC.
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50. Familiarity with Technology
If the system is designed
without some base technology familiarity
risks increase
the tools may not be capable of
doing what is needed
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51. System Complexity Complex systems
require careful and detailed analysis and design.
Project teams following phased development-based methodologies
tend to devote less attention
to the analysis of the complete problem domain
than using other methodologies.
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52. System Reliability System reliability is
usually an important factor
Throwaway prototyping-based methodologies
are most appropriate
when system reliability is a high priority.
Prototyping-based methodologies are
generally not a good choice
they lack careful analysis and design phases.
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53. Short Time Schedules RAD-based methodologies
are well suited for projects
with short time schedules
as they increase speed.
Waterfall-based methodologies
are the worst choice when time is essential
as they do not allow for easy schedule changes.
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54. Schedule Visibility RAD-based methodologies
move many of the critical design decisions earlier in the project;
consequently, this helps project managers
recognize and address risk factors
and keep expectations high.
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55. Project Team Skills and Roles
Projects should consist of
a variety of skilled individuals
in order for a system to be successful.
Six major skill sets an analyst should have include:
Technical
Business
Analytical
Interpersonal
Management
Ethical
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56. Categories of Analysts
Business Analyst
Systems Analyst
Infrastructure Analyst
Change Management Analyst
Project Manager
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57. Project Team Roles Infrastructure: Altyapı
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58. Summary
The Systems Development Lifecycle consists of four stages: Planning, Analysis, Design, and Implementation
There are six major development methodologies: the waterfall method, the parallel development method, the phased development method, system prototyping, design prototyping, and agile development.
There are five major team roles: business analyst, systems analyst, infrastructure analyst, change management analyst and project manager.
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All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
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The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.
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