Atoms, elements, and the periodic table

Lesson Outline Categorizing the periodic table Group-related periodic patterns Period-related periodic patterns Question of the day Lewis dot structures

Learning Expectations Understand what groups and periods are on the periodic table Identify specific groups on the periodic table Draw Lewis Dot Structures of elements on the periodic table

The Periodic Law States that the chemical and physical properties of the elements repeat in a regular, periodic pattern when they are arranged according to their atomic size.

Periodic Table Handout 1. Identify the following on the front side of the periodic table handout: Metals and non metals Metalloids (staircase) Transition metals Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Halogens Noble Gases 2. Define and note the importance of the following in your course notes: Metalloids

The Period-related pattern Rows that run horizontally on the periodic table are known as periods. Every period on the periodic table identifies the number of electron energy shells that each element contains. Increasing energy shells Note Periods on the backside of the handout!

Question of the day!?!?! If a 1/4 slice of pie is 3 times larger then all other slices in the pie, how many slices are in the pie?

Lewis Dot structures Ex. Na and Cl Lewis Dot structures: represent elements and the valence shell electrons of their atoms Rules for drawing Lewis Dot Structures: Replace the nucleus of the atom with the atomic symbol of the element. Determine the number of valence shell electrons in the element. Electrons are only placed at the north, east, south, and west section around the atomic symbol. Place electrons in a clockwise fashion around the atomic symbol, starting at the north. Ex. Na and Cl Draw the first 18 elements on the periodic table

Group-Related Pattern Colum's on the periodic table are known as groups! Valence shell electrons: The electrons that occupy the outer energy shell of an atom. As you travel from left to right on the periodic table (excluding the transitions metals) elements have an increasing number of valence shell electrons. Increasing valence shell electrons

The Stable Octet Rule All atoms want to have a full outer shell (Stable Octet) of electrons because it is stable! Atoms can gain or lose electrons, pending on what is an easier method to obtain a full outer shell. When they do so, the will acquire a charge because of the new difference in amounts between protons and electrons. Ex. Lithium List all group charges on the backside of the handout

Success Criteria I can successfully… Explain Sections of the periodic table (etc. noble gases, halogens) Determine the Valence Charge of Periodic Groups Draw the Lewis Dot Structure of an atom