IPAM Brazil: Marcelo C. C. Stabile GIZ Brazil: Bettina Kupper Protection and sustainable use of tropical forests need land tenure regularization – Evidence from Brazil Terra Legal Brazil: José Dumont Teixeira, Ana Paula Ferreira De Carvalho, Robson Disarz IPAM Brazil: Marcelo C. C. Stabile GIZ Brazil: Bettina Kupper Presented at the “2017 WORLD BANK CONFERENCE ON LAND AND POVERTY” The World Bank - Washington DC, March 20-24, 2017

Table of contents Context: Terra Legal Program Deforestation dynamics Impact analysis: Preliminary findings Conclusions and next steps

How does the regularization of rural properties located in federal public land contribute to reducing deforestation in the Amazon region

Context: Terra Legal Program Created in 2009 to regularize occupations of up 1,500 ha situated in public federal lands in Amazônia Conditions: Peaceful occupation and proven effective use prior to December 2004 Brazilian citizenship Compliance with conservation obligations

Amazonia Legal – challenge of scale ADD COUNTRY COMPARISON! Amazonia: 501.600.000 hectares ~ European Union (442.277.300 hectares) + Ukraine (57.660.400 hectares) + East Timor (1.487.400 hectares).

Amazonia Legal – challenge of scale ADD COUNTRY COMPARISON! Federal lands: 120.576.000 hectares ~ Colombia (114.174.800 hectares) + Togo (5.678.500 hectares) + Aland Island (678.400 hectares)

Amazonia Legal – challenge of scale ADD COUNTRY COMPARISON! Scope of Terra Legal: 57.000.000 hectares ~ France (55.150.000 hectares)+ Republic of Fiji (1.827.400 hectares)

Amazonia Legal – challenge of scale ADD COUNTRY COMPARISON! Remaining in dark green: 38.686.216 hectares ~ Norway (38.515.500 hectares) Assigned lands: 18.313.784 hectares ~ Cambodia (18.103.500 hectares)

Changing paradigm of land tenure regularization UN Conference in Rio on Environment and Development Revision of legal framework Colonization under Portuguese crown: Division of land into Capitanias/ Sesmarias Charta of Land Estatuto da Terra Expropriation of uncultivated land Law 11.952/ Terra Legal - Proven utilization & governance dialogue PNRA/ Constitution 1534 1850 1964 1970 1989 1992 2004 2009 2012 2017 Occupation in the 70ties Deforestation dynamics Migration process Lack of infrastructure Lack of public policies Law of Lands Lei de Terras: Registration of cultivated land PPCDAm - launch of the national strategy to combat deforestation New Forest Law CAR – Environmental Registry Colonization under Military Regime: Promotion of economic development along trans-amazonian highways Preparation of VGGT/ FAO - Intergovernmental consultations 2011-2012

Deforestation dynamics in the Amazon 1.8 km2/h Considering: 12h work/day Project for Monitoring Deforestation in the Legal Amazon – PRODES (Source: INPE/ MCTI 2016)

Impact analysis: Preliminary findings Who benefits from Terra Legal? Number of Terra Legal plots 95% of plots are small and occupy 32% of the area 5% of plots are medium and occupy 68% of the area Plot size (in hectares)

What´s the impact on deforestation? Statistical Analysis Preliminary results Overall Significant difference Average deforestation rates (in 100 ha) Significant diffence in all years but 2011 Year

What´s the impact on deforestation by size class? Smallholder plots – up to 400 hectares Medium sized plots – up to 1.500 hectares Average deforestation rates (in 100 ha) Average deforestation rates (in 100 ha) Statistical difference in all years for Smallholders For medium land holdings significant difference in 2011 and 2012 Year Year

Conclusion Land tenure regularization by Terra Legal alone does not ensure deforestation reduction! It requires the integration with other public policies. Need for integration of land administration systems based on geospatial data. Brazilian Government, the states, notaries and registries, science and civil society need to join forces to continue the governance dialogue initiated with the “Carta de Palmas”.

Next steps Expand analysis (qualitative and quantitative) with field research Analysis of assets and liabilities related to the legal environmental obligations in Terra Legal plots

Thank you! Contacts: Terra Legal Brazil: José Dumont Teixeira: Jose.Dumont@incra.gov.br IPAM Brazil: Marcelo C. C. Stabile, PhD: Marcelo.Stabile@ipam.org.br GIZ Brazil: Bettina Kupper: Bettina.Kupper@giz.de