American Home Front During World War I February 23, 2017
April 1917 – U.S. enters WWI Not many troops May 1917: Selective Service Act passed Draft Ages 21 – 31 (later changed to 18 – 45) Over 24 million men registered 2.8 million drafted (most to France) Over 2 million volunteers No substitutes/ no draft riots Supposed to be “War to end all Wars…” Gov’t regulated: Crops grown Products produced in each industry Railway use Coal production
Government Agencies during WWI February 27, 2017
War Industries Board (WIB) Led by Bernard Baruch Regulate all industries dealing with war Steel; farming (food); coal; railroad; textile (clothing); medical; weaponry WIB determines: Number of products produced Where products go (i.e. military/ civilian) How much money charged Food Administration Led by Herbert Hoover (future president) Set prices HIGH for wheat – why? Why – Need wheat for mostly ALL FOODS RESULT: HIGH PROFITS encourage farmers to keep growing WHEAT
Americans encouraged to CONSERVE FOOD Wheatless Monday & Friday Meatless Tuesdays Porkless Thursday and Saturday RESULT: more food for troops (war) Committee of Public Information (CPI) Led by George Creel Educate public about causes and nature of war Stress cruelty/ wickedness of enemy Convince Americans that the war is a JUST cause/ generate support for war 75,000 pamphlets; 6,000 press releases; 75,000 speeches; posters