EGO The Infrastructure for Gravitational Wave Research in Europe

The Past

The history of the Virgo project The VIRGO Collaboration First studies: Brillet (Nice): optics Giazotto (Pisa): seismic isolation Collaboration Italy - France established in 1992 CNRS and INFN approved the VIRGO project 1997: Construction starts near Pisa Foundation of EGO in 2000 2004/2005 Commissioning 2006 Physics Netherlands: Nikhef joined in 2006 EGO Council approved Advanced VIRGO in 2009 Poland (POLGRAW) & Hungary (WIGNER) joined in 2010

and to promote cooperation for gravitational waves physics EGO was born (2000) as French-Italian Consortium to ensure the construction, operation and upgrade of Virgo EGO and to promote cooperation for gravitational waves physics in Europe

EGO – European Gravitational Observatory VIRGO Firenze-Urbino Genova Napoli Perugia Pisa Padova-Trento Roma Roma Tor Vergata Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Annecy Lyon Nice Orsay Paris (3) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Since 2006 Amsterdam Since 2009 Budapest Warszawa ~ 200 Physicists, engineers & technicians EGO – European Gravitational Observatory ~ 55 Physicists, engineers & technicians

EGO VIRGO A large infrastructure : 3 km long arms: ΔL / L = 10-21 60 ha of land; ~150000 m3 of buildings The largest high vacuum system in Europe: 7000 m3 P ≅10-9 mbar High tech optics Several class 10 clean rooms 15000 m3 thermo stabilized to ± 0.1 °C 600 kW electrical power 24h/24h data taking; 1 TB/day collected VIRGO

CERN – like Governance STAC Scientific & Technical Advisory Committee COUNCIL CERN – like Governance STAC Scientific & Technical Advisory Committee Direction AdV PO Administration General Infrastructure Information Technology Interferometer Technology

Investiments from 2000 to establish the infrastructure + first generation experiment: EGO personnel 62 FTE, of which 36 engineers and applied physicists Fellowships on EGO budget: 75 in 10 yrs. (~5.5 M€)

The Present

GW Advanced detectors network GEO, Hannover 2016 2015 ~ 2017 ~ 2022 AIGO, Perth

EGO incomes from CNRS & INFN + Nikhef: AdV Investments: 23.8 M€ 7 M€ from CNRS (FR) 7 M€ from INFN (IT) 2 M€ from Nikhef (NL) 7.8 M€ from EGO + in kind from Wigner (HU) and Polgrav (PL) EGO incomes from CNRS & INFN + Nikhef: Ordinary contributions 9 M€ + 100 k€ Budget 2015: ~14 M€ (including residuals) Personnel 30% Internal running costs 25% Investments (AdV + Fellowships) 45%

Credit: R.Powell, B.Berger Advanced detectors The upgrade to the advanced phase (2nd generation) is almost completed. The detector should be in commissioning in 2016 Advanced are promising roughly a factor 10 in sensitivity improvement 108 ly Enhanced LIGO/Virgo+ Virgo/LIGO Credit: R.Powell, B.Berger Adv. Virgo/Adv. LIGO This allows a detection distance for coalescing BNS of about 150-200Mpc

Networking Networking in GW research is crucial: Know-how and Data exchange Interactions with Astrophysics and Numerical Relativity communities Common R&D Commissioning Planning EGO strategy in EU towards a full integration of GW research in the World Main tool: European Projects

Networking Interactions with Astrophysics community Data Access & publications policy MOU between EGO/Virgo & LIGO/GEO for the ADE Full sharing of data Common data format Joint data repositories Joint publications policy Interactions with Astrophysics community MOU with ~ 70 Astronomical partners finalized to identification of electromagnetic counterparts to GW triggers Signed in 2014 Signed in 2015

The Future

EU Strategy EGO Second Pillar: promote cooperation for GW research in EU Adopted tools: EU projects 3rd Generation interferometers initially defined in 2005 thanks to an ESF explorative workshop FP6-ILIAS integration activities (under ASPERA) Networking in GW - FR, DE, ES, GB, IT Coordination of the proposal for the 3rd generation: Einstein Telescope Design Study DE, FR, IT, NL, UK, ES, HU, PL + RU Coordination of ELiTES - exchange of researchers with KAGRA (JP) DE, IT, NL, FR, UK + JA Coordination of GRaWIToN - ITN, 13 PhD, + 4 industrial partners (Optics, Lasers, Simulations) DE, FR, IT, UK EGO within H2020-INFRAIA: Integrating gravitational wave research infrastructures (trans-national access, networking, JRA)

The aim of the ET project (Einstein Telescope) is the realization of the III generation GW observatory, in Europe The ET design study built up a pan-European community (ET Science Team) supporting the project ET conceptual design study document delivered in 2011 ET inserted in National and sectorial road-maps (GWIC, Aspera, OECD GSF/APIF, …)

The Research Infrastructure The ET research infrastructure is a giant scale GW interferometer, cryogenic and underground

Policy & Governance Next step: proposal to insert ET into a future ESFRI road-map (After first detection!!!) Parallel Action: EGO as an ERIC, European Research Infrastructure Consortium Draft MoU to be submitted to the Ministries of Research of FR, HU, IT, NL, PL, UK Beneficial for the whole (EU) GW Community

Summary An efficient, responsive and light structure to support Virgo and promote European collaboration under supervision by national institutions EGO existence relies on Virgo/AdV success The future of GW in Europe depends upon a stronger collaboration between EU countries. EGO may prefigure the required infrastructure. Advanced VIRGO