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THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

HISTORY

CINEMA OF INDIA: The cinema of India has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. films produced across India, which includes the cinematic culture of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. India is the world's largest producer of films. In 2009, India produced a total of 2961 films. In the 20th century, Indian cinema, along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries, became a global enterprise. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

Shree pundalik by Dadasaheb Torne Advertisement in The Times of India of 25 May 1912 announcing the screening of the first feature film of India, Shree pundalik by Dadasaheb Torne THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

Raja Harishchandra (1913) A scene from Raja Harishchandra (1913) – The full-length motion picture. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

Devika Rani and Ashok Kumar Devika Rani and Ashok Kumar in Achhut Kanya (1936). THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

HISTORY In 1927, the British Government, in order to promote the market in India for British films over American ones, formed the Indian Cinematograph Enquiry Committee. The ICC consisted of three British and three Indians, led by T. Rangachari, a Madras lawyer. Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was an Indian artist and a pioneer in the production of silent Indian movies and talkies. In the 20th century, Indian cinema, along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries, became a global enterprise. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

The first full-length motion picture in India was produced by Dadasaheb Phalke Dadasaheb is the pioneer of Indian film industry a scholar on India's languages and culture THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

HISTORY OF CINEMA FROM 1896-2000 THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

VIDEO: MILE STONES OF INDIAN CINEMA THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

In 1949, the Cinematograph Act was amended to make censorship a central subject, as per recommendations of the 1927 Enquiry Committee The industry had set up its associations in 1937-38 like the IMPPA of the producers, the IMPDA of the distributors, both in Bombay and the South Indian Film Chamber of Commerce in Madras. In 1960, the big event was of course the release of K Asif's magnum opus 'Mughal-E-Azam'. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

In 1955 ,arrived Satyajit Ray and his classic 'Pather Panchali'. In 1953, the films that created the biggest impact were Bimal Roy's 'Do Bigha Zamin' and 'Parineeta'. In 1956, the Indian talkie completed twenty-five years and the event was celebrated by the industry, as a silver jubilee. In 1955 ,arrived Satyajit Ray and his classic 'Pather Panchali'. In 1963, celebrated the industry's Golden Jubilee year. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

The biggest showman of the industry, Raj Kapoor, came out with 'Bobby' in 1973. The entire 70s and 80s decade by dominated by Bachchan and his movies like 'Abhimaan', 'Sholay' and 'Deewaar' strengthened his position in the industry.  Amjad Khan as 'Gabbar Singh had none of these qualities yet he gave a new dimension to the villians of Indian cinema. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

Madhuri Dixit warmed many a hearts with her films like 'Ram Lakhan' and 'Tridev' and Sridevi with 'Mr. India', 'Chandni' and 'Chaalbaaz'. The entire filmdom was given a total facelift what with a multitude of new faces and talents that kept pouring in the industry. Sunil Dutt and Nargis, bounced back with movies like 'Vaastav' and also went away with the Best Actor award for 1999. A plethora of talented youngsters like Tabu, Kajol, Karisma Kapoor and Raveena Tandon started giving the senior actresses jitters. Other actors to charm the audiences were Anil Kapoor, Jackie Shroff, Aamir Khan, Salman Khan and Shahrukh Khan. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

The oldest Indian cinema. Golden age of Indian cinema. Modern Indian cinema. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

The oldest Indian cinema THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

FIRST INDIAN MOVIE The first Indian movie released in India was Shree pundalik by Dadasaheb Torne on 18 May 1912 at 'Coronation Cinematograph', Mumbai. Torne is also considered as a Father of Indian Cinema THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

FIRST SHORT FILM The first short films in India were directed by Hiralal Sen, starting with The Flower of Persia (1898). THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

The first full-length motion picture in India was produced by Dadasaheb Phalke. Dadasaheb is the pioneer of Indian film industry a scholar on India's languages and culture, who brought together elements from Sanskrit.  He produce his Raja Harishchandra (1913), a silent film in Marathi. The female roles in the film were played by male actors. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

FIRST INDIAN SOUND FILM Ardeshir Irani released Alam Ara(The Ornament of the World) which was the first Indian talking film, on 14 March 1931 and first Indian sound film. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

Golden Age of Indian cinema 1940-1960 THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

Pather Panchali (1955), the first part of The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959) by Satyajit Ray The Apu Trilogy won major prizes at all the major international film festivals and led to the 'Parallel Cinema' movement being firmly established in Indian cinema. Its influence on world cinema can also be felt in the "youthful coming-of-age dramas that have flooded art houses since the mid-fifties" which "owe a tremendous debt to the Apu trilogy". THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

This period saw the emergence of a new Parallel Cinema movement, mainly led by Bengali cinema. Early examples of films in this movement include Chetan Anand's Neecha Nagar (1946), Ritwik Ghatak's Nagarik (1952),and Bimal Roy's Two Acres of Land (1953), laying the foundations for Indian neorealism and the "Indian New Wave".  Pather Panchali (1955), the first part of The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959) by Satyajit Ray, marked his entry in Indian cinema.  Chetan Anand's social realist film Neecha Nagar won the Grand Prize at the first Cannes Film Festival, Indian films were frequently in competition for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival for nearly every year in the 1950s and early 1960s, with a number of them winning major prizes at the festival. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

Modern Indian cinema THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

Nirad Mohapatra in Oriya cinema; and filmmakers such as Shyam Benegal continued to produce realistic Parallel Cinema throughout the 1970s. alongside Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, Mrinal Sen, Buddhadeb Dasgupta and Gautam Ghose in Bengali cinema; Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Shaji N. Karun, John Abraham and G. Aravindan in Malayalam cinema; Nirad Mohapatra in Oriya cinema; and Mani Kaul, Kumar Shahani, Ketan Mehta, Govind Nihalani and Vijaya Mehta in Hindi cinema. The 'art film' bent of the Film Finance Corporation came under criticism during a Committee on Public Undertakings investigation in 1976, which accused the body of not doing enough to encourage commercial cinema. South India's Malayalam cinema of Kerala regarded as one of the best Indian film genres experienced its own 'Golden Age' in the 1980s and early 1990s. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

Commercial Hindi cinema further grew throughout the 1980s and the 1990s with the release of films such as Ek Duuje Ke Liye (1981) Mr India (1987), Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988), Tezaab (1988), Chandni (1989), Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), Baazigar (1993), Darr (1993), Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995) and Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), many of which starred Shahrukh Khan, Aamir Khan and Salman Khan. The 1990s also saw a surge in the national popularity of Tamil cinema as films directed by Mani Ratnam captured India's imagination. In the late 1990s, 'Parallel Cinema' began experiencing a resurgence in Hindi cinema, largely due to the critical and commercial success of Satya (1998), a low-budget film based on the Mumbai underworld, directed by Ram Gopal Varma and written by Anurag Kashyap THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

VIDEO: WILD LIFE THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

INDIAN CINEMA THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

INDIAN CINEMA India has one of the oldest and largest film industries in the world. It was in early 1913 that an Indian film received a public screening. The film was Raja Harischandra. Its director, Dadasaheb Phalke is now remembered through a life-time achievement award bestowed by the film industry in his name. Damle and Fatehlal's Sant Tukaram (1936), made in Marathi was the first Indian film to gain international recognition. The Indian film industry, famously known as Bollywood, is the largest in the world, and has major film studios in Mumbai (Bombay), Calcutta, Chennai, Bangalore and Hyderabad. Mainstream commercial releases, not only in India, but also the British Caribbean, Fiji, East and South Africa, the U.K., United States, Canada, or the Middle East. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

INDIAN ART CINEMA In addition to commercial cinema, there is also Indian art cinema, known to film critics as "New Indian Cinema" or sometimes "the Indian New Wave" (see the Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema). Many people in India plainly call such films as "art films" as opposed to mainstream commercial cinema. From the 1960s through the 1980s, the art film or the parallel cinema was usually government-aided cinema. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

Satyajit Ray was the most flourishing of the "art cinema" directors. The directors of the art cinema owed much more to foreign influences, such as Italian Neo-Realism or French New Wave, than they did to the genre conventions of commercial Indian cinema. The best known New Cinema directors were Bimal Roy, Ritwik Ghatak, and Satyajit Ray. The best known films of this genre are the Apu Trilogy (Bengali) by Satyajit Ray and Do Bigha Zameen (Hindi) by Bimal Roy. Satyajit Ray was the most flourishing of the "art cinema" directors. In South India, art cinema or the parallel cinema was well-supported in the state of Kerala. Malayalam movie makers like Adoor Gopalakrishnan, G. Aravindan, and M. T. Vasudevan Nair were quite successful. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

VIDEO: HOCKY MATCH-1898 THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

REGIONAL CINEMA IN INDIA THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

India is home to one of the largest film industries in the world. Every year thousands of movies are produced in India. Indian film industry comprises of Hindi films, regional movies and art cinema. India is a large country where many languages are spoken. Many of the larger languages support their own film industry. Some of the popular regional film industries in India are Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Punjabi. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

REGIONAL INDUSTRIES ASSAMESE CINEMA BENGALI CINEMA BHOJPURI CINEMA GUJARATI CINEMA HINDI CINEMA KANNADA CINEMA KONKANI CINEMA MALAYALAM CINEMA MARATHI CINEMA ORIYA CINEMA PUNJABI CINEMA SINDHI CINEMA TAMIL CINEMA TELUGU CINEMA THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

HISTORY The period 1920-50 was the Golden Age for the Studios. Films were produced rapidly and regularly. Often following a formula: Western, slapstick comedy, Film Noir, musical, cartoon, biopic… depending on the studio. This meant that films across all studios had intellectual conformity that reflected public concerns, shared myths & mores as the films were designed to fit into the market rather than reflect the concerns of the Directors. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

HISTORY World War II Studios became propaganda machines for the War Effort. Films patriotic and focused on concerns of those on the home-front as they worried over those on the battle field as the stills from “Freedom Comes High” (1943) shows THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

PRASADS IMAX THEATRE HOUSES AT HYDERABAD one of the largest IMAX-3D in the world (along with the world's largest in Sydney, Australia). THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

PVR CINEMAS PVR Cinemas in Bangalore is one of the largest cinema chains in India THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

RAMOJI FILM CITY Based in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh in India, Ramoji Film City, the world's largest integrated film studio. THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA

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END BY NAMEER.P.C Reg. No.11YACM5029 THE HISTORY OF INDIAN CINEMA