Effect of topical vapocoolant spray on perioperative pain response of unweaned calves to ear tagging and ear notching Sabrina Lomax, Emily Witenden,

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Effect of topical vapocoolant spray on perioperative pain response of unweaned calves to ear tagging and ear notching Sabrina Lomax, Emily Witenden, Peter Windsor, Peter White Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia Volume 44, Issue 1, Pages 163-172 (January 2017) DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12384 Copyright © 2016 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Ear notching (black shading at tip of ear), National Livestock Identification System ear tagging (black circle) and animal identification tag (black diamond) sites for females (a) and males (b). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2017 44, 163-172DOI: (10.1111/vaa.12384) Copyright © 2016 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Tissue temperature beneath the epidermis of the back of the ear following a 1 second application of the vapocoolant spray from 10 cm to dead tissue. The area beneath the dotted line represents the period of time during which the tissue was at an adequate temperature to inhibit nociception (<10 °C). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2017 44, 163-172DOI: (10.1111/vaa.12384) Copyright © 2016 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Tissue temperature beneath the epidermis of the ear following a 3 second application of the vapocoolant spray from 10 cm to live tissue. The area beneath the dotted line represents the period of time during which the tissue was at an adequate temperature to inhibit nociception (<10 °C). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2017 44, 163-172DOI: (10.1111/vaa.12384) Copyright © 2016 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Cumulative probabilities of calves in water spray (WS) or vapocoolant spray (VS) groups displaying no (0), minor (1), moderate (2) or severe (3) pain response scores to ear tagging or ear notching. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2017 44, 163-172DOI: (10.1111/vaa.12384) Copyright © 2016 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Terms and Conditions