Communication Systems Waseem Gulsher BS Evening (Reg.) 10 Feb, 16 Introduction to Communication Systems Lecture - 1 Communication Systems Waseem Gulsher

MS (Electronics) in progress from PAF-KIET Waseem Gulsher MS (Electronics) in progress from PAF-KIET Email: waseemgulsher@yahoo.com Contact: 0333-5454993

Electronic Communication Systems Recommended Text Book Electronic Communication Systems George Kennedy Wyne Tomasi

Grading Midterm Paper Final Term Paper 25 10 5 50 100 Assignments Quizzes Class Participation Attendance Final Total 25 10 5 50 100 Midterm Paper Three out of five questions Final Term Paper Five out of Eight questions

Rules & Regulations No need to take permission while entering or leaving the class during lecture. There will be three assignments during semester and average of best two will be taken for sessional marks. There will be five quizzes during semester and average of best four will be taken for sessional marks. Assignments are to be submitted in a file / folder.

Rules & Regulations No marks will be given for copy work. Assignments must be submitted within one week. If assignment is submitted with one week delay, it will marked out of 5 marks instead of 10 No assignment will be accepted after 2 weeks.

Rules & Regulations All lectures will be delivered on multimedia. Lectures (including assignments) will be email on your addresses within 24 hours. If not received, you can text me on my cell phone. There will be no compromise on attendance in any case.

Introduction to Communication Systems

Significance of Human Communication Communication is the process of exchanging information. Main barriers are language and distance. Contemporary society’s emphasis is now the accumulation, packaging, and exchange of information.

Significance of Human Communication Methods of communication: Face to face Signals Written word (letters) Electrical innovations: Telegraph Telephone Radio Television Internet (computer)

Communication Systems Basic components: Transmitter Channel or medium Receiver Noise degrades or interferes with transmitted information.

Communication Systems A general model of all communication systems.

Transmitter The transmitter is a collection of electronic components and circuits that converts the electrical signal into a signal suitable for transmission over a given medium. Transmitters are made up of oscillators, amplifiers, tuned circuits and filters, modulators, frequency mixers, frequency synthesizers, and other circuits.

Communication Channel The communication channel is the medium by which the electronic signal is sent from one place to another. Types of media include Electrical conductors Optical media Free space System-specific media (e.g., water is the medium for sonar).

Receiver A receiver is a collection of electronic components and circuits that accepts the transmitted message from the channel and converts it back into a form understandable by humans. Receivers contain amplifiers, oscillators, mixers, tuned circuits and filters, and a demodulator or detector that recovers the original intelligence signal from the modulated carrier.

Transceivers A transceiver is an electronic unit that incorporates circuits that both send and receive signals. Examples are: Telephones Fax machines Handheld CB radios Cell phones Computer modems

Attenuation & Noise Signal attenuation, or degradation, exists in all media of wireless transmission. It is proportional to the square of the distance between the transmitter and receiver. Noise is random, undesirable electronic energy that enters the communication system via the communicating medium and interferes with the transmitted message.

Types of Electronic Communication Electronic communications are classified according to whether they are One-way (simplex) or two-way (full duplex or half duplex) transmissions Analog or digital signals.

Simplex The simplest method of electronic communication is referred to as simplex. This type of communication is one-way. Examples are: Radio TV broadcasting Beeper (personal receiver)

Full Duplex Most electronic communication is two-way and is referred to as duplex. When people can talk and listen simultaneously, it is called full duplex. The telephone is an example of this type of communication.

Half Duplex The form of two-way communication in which only one party transmits at a time is known as half duplex. Examples are: Police, military, etc. radio transmissions Citizen band (CB) Family radio Amateur radio

Types of Electronic Communication Analog Signals An analog signal is a smoothly and continuously varying voltage or current. Examples are: Sine wave Voice Video (TV)

Analog Signals Analog signals (a) Sine wave “tone.” (b) Voice. (c) Video (TV) signal.

Types of Electronic Communication Digital Signals Digital signals change in steps or in discrete increments. Most digital signals use binary or two-state codes. Examples are: Telegraph (Morse code) Continuous wave (CW) code Serial binary code (used in computers)

Digital Signals Figure 1-6: Digital signals (a) Telegraph (Morse code). (b) Continuous-wave (CW) code. (c) Serial binary code.

Thank You