1. 1.1 Know the element in basic communication system
At the end of this learning session, student should be able to explain : - Definition Communication System - The elements in communication system - Block diagram of communication system.

2. Hanisah/EP301/JKE/POLISAS/Dis 12
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Hanisah/EP301/JKE/POLISAS/Dis 12

3. COMMUNICATION
DEFINITION: Communication system is a process of transmission, reception and processing the information between two or more locations through transmission medium.
Examples
People-people, people-peoples,
computer-computer, computer-computers
People - computer
Reference: wayne tomasi

4. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM TELECOMMUNICATION TELE (in Latin) = Far
COMMUNICATION = Process of sending the information between two or more locations through transmission medium.
TELECOMMUNICATION = Process of sending the information between two or more locations through transmission medium at far distance.
Telegraph

5. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM TELECOMMUNICATION
Early Telecommunication: In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals or audio signals such as;
Smoke signals, Flag signals
Coded drum beats, Lung-blown horns
Visual telegraphy (or Semaphore in 1792)
Modern Telecommunication: In the modern age of electricity and electronics, telecommunications has typically involved;
Telegraph (1839), Telephone(1876), Teletype, Radio, TV
Microwave Communication – Satellite, Radar, Cellular
Data Communication – Internet, Computer communication
Fiber Optic Communication.

6. TRANSMISSION MEDIUM or CHANNEL SYSTEM NOISE & INTERFERENCE
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM MODEL
Claude Shannon’s General Communication Model;
message
signal
signal
message
TRANSMISSION MEDIUM or CHANNEL
INFORMATION SOURCE
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
DESTINATION
SYSTEM NOISE & INTERFERENCE
Reference: wayne tomasi and komuniaksi data (mohd aizani)
Figure 1.1: Basic Block Diagram of an Electronic Communication System

7. ELEMENTS of COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
From above Shannon’s basic communication block diagram, there are FIVE (5) elements that must have in basic communication system which are,
Information Source
Transmitter (Tx)
Transmission Medium or Communication Channel
Receiver (Rx)
Destination

8. ELEMENTS of COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Information Source
The original source that generate the information (audio, text, image or video) that need to be transferred to Receiver.
The information that have been generated by source could be an analog form (human voice, audio) or digital form (binary coded numbers, alphanumeric codes).
Examples: people, computer, hand phone, electronic devices
1. Wayne tomasi

9. ELEMENTS of COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Transmitter
A collection of one or more electronic devices or circuits that converts the original source information to a form more suitable for transmission over a particular transmission medium.
Includes the modulation, multiplexing and encoding process.
Examples: Modulator, Multiplexer, Transducer, Encoder, Light Source etc.
1. Wayne tomasi

10. ELEMENTS of COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Transmission Medium / Channel
Transmission Medium or Communication Channel is a media/link/path that capable to transfer the electronic signal from Transmitter to receiver.
Examples: Twisted Pair Cable, Coaxial Cable, Fiber Optic Cable, Waveguide, Microstrip, Free Space, etc.
Twisted Pair Cable

11. ELEMENTS of COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Insulator
Inner Conductor
Coating
Cladding
Core
Inner Conductor
Outer Conductor
Fiber Optic Cable
Coaxial Cable
Microstrip
Waveguide

12. ELEMENTS of COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Receiver
A collection of one or more electronic devices or circuits that accept the transmitted signals from the transmission medium and then convert back to their original information form.
Includes the demodulation, demultiplexing and decoding process.
Examples: Demodulator, Demultiplexer, Transducer, Decoder, Photo detector, etc.
1. Wayne tomasi

13. ELEMENTS of COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Destination
Anything that receive the transmitted information and capable to store them.
Examples: people, computer, hand phone, electronic devices.
System Noise
Noise is any unwanted electrical signals that interfere with the information signal.
Examples: Atmospheric noise, Thermal Noise, Man-made Noise, Cosmic Noise, Internal Noise etc.
Reference: wayne tomasi

14. Transmission Medium or Channel
EXAMPLE
a) Data Communication System
Transmission Medium or Channel
Information Source
Receiver
Transmitter
Destination
b) Telephony Communication System

15. TRANSMISSION MEDIUM or CHANNEL SYSTEM NOISE & INTERFERENCE
Information, Message, & Signal
Claude Shannon’s General Communication Model;
message
signal
signal
message
INFORMATION SOURCE
TRANSMISSION MEDIUM or CHANNEL
DESTINATION
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
info
info
Model: “Komunikasi Data” Mohd Azaini Maarof. UTM
SYSTEM NOISE & INTERFERENCE
Figure 1.1: Basic Block Diagram of an Electronic Communication System

16. Information, Message, & Signal
Information = knowledge = intelligence.
Information is an original source information which do NOT processed yet by transmitter or do NOT converted into signal.
It can be stored in people or any devices like computer, digital camera, video camera, recorder etc.
Examples: audio, alphanumeric, text, image, video.
Message
Message represents the content of Information.
Information – wayne tomasi pg.346

17. Information, Message, & Signal
Signal is a converted information into time-varying or spatial-varying quantity that could be measured.
Signal can be an electric current, light or electromagnetic wave which is used to convey data from one place to another.
A signal may be expressed as a function of time or frequency.
When a signal is expressed as a function of time, there are two basic types of signals.
Digital Signal (Discrete-time signal)
Analog Signal (Continuous-time signal)

18. Information, Message, & Signal
DIGITAL SIGNAL
A discrete or finite signal that generates and process data in form of zeroes and ones (0s and 1s). It has finite (countable) set of amplitudes. For example; binary-encoded digit, alphanumeric codes, computer-generated data, digitally encoded analog signals etc.
ANALOG SIGNAL
A continuous or infinite signal that generates continuous values, leading to continuous wave pattern. It has infinite (uncountable) of amplitudes. For example; human voice, audio etc.

19. Continuous (infinite) amplitude levels
Information, Message, & Signal
Discrete (countable)
amplitude levels
Continuous (infinite) amplitude levels