The Specialities of Hungarian Language by Nemesi Gabriella Erdei Ágnes Balajti Zsófi Szentimrey Panna Molnár János Talabér Marcell Lukács Panka Márton Balázs

Spreading of Hungarian language The most Hungarian speaking people live in the territory of today’s Hungary. Outside Hungary it is mainly spoken in the countries of the Carpathian Basin: Romania (mainly Transilvania ), Slovakia, Serbia ( Vajdaság), Ukraine (Kárpátalja), Croatia, Slovenia and Austria .

Spread

Hungarian dialects by regions There are 10 dialects in Hungarian language: Western Transdanubian dialect mid Transdanubian –Little Plain dialect, southern Transdanubian dialect, south of Great Plain region dialect, palóc dialect, Tisza–Körös-region dialect , Northeastern dialect , Mezőség dialect , Szekler dialect , Moldavian dialect.

The Hungarian dialects by regions

Origin Member of the Uralian family. One of the Ugrian languages belonging to the Finno-ugrian languages. The biggest Finno-ugrian language.In some opinions the csángó(now spoken in Romania) is a separate language,so it would be the closest relative of Hungarian language. The Hungarian language preserves the ancient picture language. The roots of our language go back to 10-35.000 years. It is the last living picture language in Europe.

The Hungarian Alphabet The alphabet consists of 44 letters We divide the ABC into 2 parts: consonants and vowels. The full ABC consists of the following letters a á b c cs d dz dzs e é f g gy h i í j k l ly m n ny o ó ö ő p q r s sz t ty u ú ü ű v w x y z zs

Vocabulary The vocabulary of the Hungarian language is about 21% of Finno-ugrian origin. We can find the pictures,images in our words.For example in the following words which all originate from the word lap(sheet) we can find flat objects like sheet:lepel(veil),lepedő(sheet),lepény,(flat-cake)lepke(butterfly),lapka(piece of sheet),lapocka(shoulder blade),lapát(shovel),etc. Also lots of words come from other languages like Iranian, Turkmen, Slavonic, Latin, German, French, Italian, English and Turkish.

the10 nicest Hungarian words: pillangó (butterfly) édesanya (mother) szerelem (love) békesség (peace) hópehely (snowflake) szellő (breeze) szelíd (tame) halk (silent) lenolaj (linseed oil) csók (kiss)

The longest Hungarian words Eltöredezettségmentesítőtleníttethetetlen-ségtelenítőtlenkedhetnétek (67 letters) legeslegmegszentségteleníttethetetlenebb-jeiteknek (49 letters) elkelkáposztástalaníthatatlanságoskodásai-tokért (47 letters) Megszentségteleníthetetlenségeskedései-tekért (44 letters)

Inflections Instead of prepositions Hungarian language uses inflections. That is Hungarian says „kertben”,while the English say in garden,or the Hungarian „fagylaltért”, is the English for ice cream.

Inflection ”An inflection gets a word dressed like the clothes dress a human”. The Hungarian language uses coordination and inflection instead of prepositions. In a word for example: „Elhozattadhatnád” (”You could make him bring it to me.”,that is 8 words in English )we get the information of the subject (you) object(something) ,verb (bring) and also it makes us clear that there are 3 persons in this one word. I-who asks something,you –whom I ask,and he/she-who will fulfill the action.

One of our language’ s special feature is the free word order, which makes unnecessary the restricted word order in highlighted constructions like in indogerman languages. We can shuffle the words of a sentence like cards, The highlighted information,the focus, must be put right before the verb.If the verb itself is the focus ,then it comes at the beginning of the sentence. „A könyv az asztalon van. A könyv van az asztalon. Az asztalon van a könyv. Van könyv az asztalon. A könyv van az asztalon. Könyv van az asztalon. Az asztalon a könyv van.”

The language reflects thinking The Hungarian approach comes from the distance,from bird’s eye view to closer and closer to the subject.(Eg: introduction: The English version:John Smith.In Hungarian:Kovács János.(Smith John) defines the family from whom he originates on the first place,then comes the person.In the old names we can even find the place :Egri Kovács János.Eger –the town he was born in. Dates.The English would say:3d of March 2012. -the Hungarian equivalent: 2012 március 3. Addresses: 45 Hungaria road,Budapest-in Hungarian: Budapest Hungaria út 45.

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