So What Really Caused the American Revolution? Of the following events, which do you think was most responsible for the outbreak of the American Revolution? Tea Act Proclamation Line of 1763 Stamp Act Coercive/Intolerable Acts Declaratory Act Sugar Act Quartering Act

Discuss with your neighbor… What does it mean to be an adult? When does one become an adult?

Discuss with your neighbor… Is it appropriate to equate the relationship between England the American colonies to that of a parent and a child? Why or why not? When considering colonists’ reactions to British Acts and Paine’s argument in Common Sense, what kind of government do you think Americans want?

To Begin… When considering colonists’ reactions to British Acts and Paine’s argument in Common Sense, what kind of government do you think Americans want? What study strategies do you use?

The Revolutionary War How does the Revolutionary War contribute to the development of the American identity?

As Revolution Begins Colonial Strengths British Strengths Good leadership Foreign aid Self-sustaining b/c agriculture Thought justice was on their side Colonial Weaknesses Jealousy Lacked money Lacked supplies Congress had little power Lacked unity British Strengths More people More wealth Greater naval power Professional army Could pay for foreign soldiers British Weaknesses Geographical separation Had to reconquer large amount of land Poor leadership

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As Revolution Begins Loyalists: Patriots: Educated Wealthy Anglican Feared chaos Patriots: Young New England & VA Congregationalist Feared oppression African Americans Native Americans Patriots: Washington never had more than 20,000 under his commans at one time African Americans: Once Lord Dunmore proclamation, Wahsington made same offer to to slaves. 5,000 joined. Most were from the north. Fought in mixed and all black units. (As many as 20% of AAs may have sought protection behind british lines) Tories: 520,000- 780,000 ppl. In NY, NJ, GA they were probably the majority 30,000 fought for british at one time or another In 1780: 8,000 Tory soldiers for British while Washington only had 9,000 80,000-1--,--- fled US mostly to Canada. In 1783: 9,000 ledt from NY and Charleston each Washington delibiratley cuktivated them, refusing to deal harshly with the tories and holding his men in check. NA’s: at first neutral, but sided with British mostly b/c they promised to limit colonial settlements in the west.

Loyalist Strongholds 11

Phase I: The Northern Campaign [1775-1776]

Phase II: NY & PA [1777-1778]

The Crisis 15 “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman...”

16 “Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value.”

WASHINGTON CROSSING THE DELAWARE FOR TRENTON US Delaware WASHINGTON CROSSING THE DELAWARE FOR TRENTON

Surrender/trenton SURRENDER AT TRENTON

Enter the French Wanted revenge against Britain Had secretly supplied Americans from beginning Battle of Saratoga public support for Americans Americans promised to join French if ever went to war with Britain helped expand the Revolution Continued to provide supplies, troops, and naval support Incredibly important to outcome of the Battle of Yorktown

Britain’s “Southern Strategy” Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South. Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving. The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!]

Phase III: The Southern Strategy [1780- 1781]

23 Count de Rochambeau Admiral De Grasse

Treaty of Paris (1783) Negotiated by Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay and Henry Laurens England formally recognized the US Mississippi River western boundary States to return property to Loyalists Will not impede British collection of debts US fishing rights off coast of Canada Illustrated the complicated relationships with Britain and France

Lessons from the Treaty 25 Succeed in playing one power against the other beginnings of American isolationism Our system, our interests, are distinct from Europe’s. We shouldn’t get involved in their problems

…To End: Mourning or Celebrating One’s opinion of the outcome of the Revolutionary War depended on one’s perspective. With this in mind, please create one of the following: An obituary that mourns the “passing” of the British colonies in North America A birth announcement that celebrates the “arrival” of an independent American nation **be creative, really consider “personality” traits**