Chapter 1 A Review of Basic Concepts (Optional).

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 1 A Review of Basic Concepts (Optional)

Section 1.1 Statistics and Data

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section 1.2 Populations, Samples, and Random Sampling

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section 1.3 Describing Qualitative Data

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.1 SAS bar graph for data on 22 aphasiacs Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.2 SPSS pie chart for data on 22 aphasiacs Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section 1.4 Describing Quantitative Data Graphically

Figure 1.3 Relative frequency distribution: IQs of identical twins Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.4 Probability distribution for a quantitative variable Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.5 MINITAB stem-and-leaf plot for EPA gas mileage Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.6 SPSS histogram for 100 EPA gas mileage Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section 1.5 Describing Quantitative Data Numerically

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.7 MINITAB printout: Describing the no-show data, Example 1.6 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section 1.6 Normal Probability Distribution

Figure 1.8 A normal probability distribution Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.9 Several normal distributions with different means and standard deviations Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.10 Normal probability distribution m = 50, s = 15 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.11 A distribution of z scores (a standard normal distribution) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.12 Standard normal distribution: m = 0, s = 1 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section 1.7 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem

Figure 1.13 Sampling distributions for y based on a sample of n = 25 measurements _ Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.14 Sampling distributions of x for different populations and different sample sizes _ Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.15 A population relative frequency distribution and the sampling distribution for y _ Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.16 The sampling distribution of y _ Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section 1.8 Estimating a Population Mean

Figure 1.17 Sampling distribution of y _ Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.18 Locating za/2 on the standard normal curve Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.19 SAS descriptive statistics for n = 50 sample attention times Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.20 The t.025 value in a t distribution with 4 df and the corresponding z.025 value Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.21 MINITAB descriptive statistics and confidence interval for Example 1.12 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section 1.9 Testing a Hypothesis About a Population Mean

Figure 1.22 The sampling distribution of y for m = m 0 _ Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.23 Location of the rejection region for various alternative hypotheses Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.24 Testing Ha: m >m 0 using a p-value Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.25 SPSS printout for Example 1.14 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.26 Rejection region for Example 1.15 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.27 SAS output for testing benzene mean Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section 1.10 Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Means

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.28 SPSS analysis for diet study, Example 1.16 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.29 SAS output for Example 1.17 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.30 Rejection region for Example 1.17 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.31 Rejection region for analysis of data in Table 1.17 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.32 MINITAB paired difference analysis of data in Table 1.17 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section 1.11 Comparing Two Population Variances

Figure 1.33 An F distribution with 7 and 9 df Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.34 An F distribution with 7 and 9 df: a = .05 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.35 Rejection region for production example F distribution Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1.36 SAS F-test for the data Table 1.19 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.