1. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 2 Methods for Describing Sets of Data

2. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 2.1 Describing Qualitative Data

3. 2 - 3 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

4. 2 - 4 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

5. 2 - 5 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

6. 2 - 6 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Table 2.1

7. 2 - 7 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

8. 2 - 8 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.1 SPSS summary table for types of aphasia

9. 2 - 9 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.2 SAS bar graph for type of aphasia

10. 2 - 10 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.3 MINITAB pie chart for type of aphasia

11. 2 - 11 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.4 SPSS Pareto diagram for type of aphasia

12. 2 - 12 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

13. 2 - 13 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.5 SAS summary tables for DRUG and COMP

14. 2 - 14 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.6 MINITAB side-by-side bar graphs for COMP by value of DRUG

15. 2 - 15 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.7 SPSS summary tables for COMP by value of drug

16. 2 - 16 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure SIA2.1a MINITAB pie charts for Gender, Disorder, and Dissatisfies with Looks

17. 2 - 17 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure SIA2.1b MINITAB pie charts for Gender, Disorder, and Dissatisfies with Looks

18. 2 - 18 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure SIA2.1c MINITAB pie charts for Gender, Disorder, and Dissatisfies with Looks

19. 2 - 19 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure SIA2.2 MINITAB side-by-side pie charts for Dissatisfied with Looks by Gender

20. 2 - 20 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure SIA2.3 MINITAB side-by-side Pie charts for Dissatisfied with Looks by Comorbid Disorder

21. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 2.2 Graphical Methods for Describing Quantitative Data

22. 2 - 22 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Table 2.2

23. 2 - 23 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.8 MINITAB dot plot for 100 EPA mileage ratings

24. 2 - 24 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.9 MINITAB stem-and-leaf display for 100 mileage ratings

25. 2 - 25 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.10 SPSS histogram for 100 EPA gas mileage ratings

26. 2 - 26 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Table 2.3

27. 2 - 27 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.11 The effect of the size of a data set on the outline of a histogram

28. 2 - 28 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Procedure

29. 2 - 29 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Table 2.4

30. 2 - 30 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.12 SPSS histogram for task deviations

31. 2 - 31 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.13 MINITAB stem-and-leaf display for task deviations

32. 2 - 32 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

33. 2 - 33 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure SIA2.4 MINITAB side-by-side histograms for Appearance Evaluation by Gender

34. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 2.3 Summation Notation

35. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 2.4 Numerical Measures of Central Tendency

36. 2 - 36 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.14 Numerical descriptive measures

37. 2 - 37 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

38. 2 - 38 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Formula

39. 2 - 39 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.15 SAS numerical descriptive measures for 100 EPA gas mileages

40. 2 - 40 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

41. 2 - 41 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

42. 2 - 42 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.16 Location of the Median

43. 2 - 43 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Procedure

44. 2 - 44 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

45. 2 - 45 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Procedure

46. 2 - 46 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

47. 2 - 47 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.17 MINITAB descriptive statistics for earthquake data

48. 2 - 48 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.18a MINITAB Histogram for Magnitudes of Aftershocks

49. 2 - 49 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.18b MINITAB Histogram for Inter- Arrival Times of Aftershocks

50. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 2.5 Numerical Measures of Variability

51. 2 - 51 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.19 Response time histograms for two drugs

52. 2 - 52 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

53. 2 - 53 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Table 2.5

54. 2 - 54 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.20 Dot plots for deviations in Table 2.5

55. 2 - 55 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

56. 2 - 56 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Formula

57. 2 - 57 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

58. 2 - 58 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

59. 2 - 59 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.21 Reproduction of SAS numerical descriptive measures for 100 EPA mileages

60. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Interpreting the Standard Deviation 2.6

61. 2 - 61 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Table 2.6

62. 2 - 62 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Table 2.7

63. 2 - 63 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Table 2.8

64. 2 - 64 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.22 MINITAB descriptive statistics for rat maze times

65. 2 - 65 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.23 MINITAB histogram of rat maze times

66. 2 - 66 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.24 The relation between the range and the standard deviation

67. 2 - 67 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.25 Battery life-length distribution: manufacturer’s claim assumed true

68. 2 - 68 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure SIA2.5 MINITAB descriptive statistics for appearance evaluation by gender

69. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Numerical Measures of Relative Standing 2.7

70. 2 - 70 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.26 Location of 90 th percentile for test grades

71. 2 - 71 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

72. 2 - 72 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.27 SPSS percentile statistics for water-level task deviations

73. 2 - 73 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.28 The quartile for a data set

74. 2 - 74 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

75. 2 - 75 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Formula

76. 2 - 76 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.29 Verbal SAT scores of high school seniors

77. 2 - 77 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

78. 2 - 78 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.30 Population z-scores for a mound–shaped distribution

79. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Methods for Detecting Outliers: Box plots and z-Scores 2.8

80. 2 - 80 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

81. 2 - 81 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

82. 2 - 82 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.31 Annotated MINITAB box plot for EPA gas mileages

83. 2 - 83 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

84. 2 - 84 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

85. 2 - 85 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.32 MINITAB box plot for water- level task deviations

86. 2 - 86 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Table 2.9

87. 2 - 87 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.33 SAS box plots for reaction-time data

88. 2 - 88 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.34 Male salary distribution

89. 2 - 89 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Procedure

90. 2 - 90 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure SIA2.6 MINITAB box plots for Appearance Evaluation score by Gender

91. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Graphing Bivariate Relationships (Optional) 2.9

92. 2 - 92 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.35 Scatterplot of cost vs. floor area

93. 2 - 93 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.36 Hypothetical bivariate relationship

94. 2 - 94 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Table 2.10

95. 2 - 95 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.37 SPSS scatterplot for medical factors data in Table 2.10

96. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Distorting the Truth with Descriptive Statistics 2.10

97. 2 - 97 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Table 2.11

98. 2 - 98 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.38 MINITAB bar graph of vessel collisions by location

99. 2 - 99 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.39 SPSS bar graph of vessel collisions by location, with adjusted vertical axis

100. 2 - 100 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.40 Relative frequency of fatal motor vehicle accidents on each of four major highways

101. 2 - 101 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 2.41 Mileage distributions for two car models