CA2007 INTRODUCTION TO NEW MEDIA AND BROADCASTING EPISODE 2 RADIO
OVERVIEW _ History and evolution of radio _ Broadcast standards and key terms _ Radio genres _ Radio crew members
“How to communicate in a long distance?” 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s “How to communicate in a long distance?”
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Prior to 1300 FIRE, SMOKE, BELLS,TRUMPETS, DRUMS, AND GUNS 1300 to today FLAGS AND SEMAPHORE 1800 Telegraph defined from the Greek... TELE = far GRAPHOS = write
1837 TELEGRAPH 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Morse Code dots-and-dashes Samuel Morse
1837 TELEGRAPH 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
From Ireland to Newfoundland 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1858 Cyrus West Field and the Atlantic Telegraph Company constructed Transatlantic Telegraph Cable From Ireland to Newfoundland
“Mr. Watson - Come here - I want to see you.” 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1876 TELEPHONE “Mr. Watson - Come here - I want to see you.” Alexander Graham Bell
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1865 1873 James Clerk Maxwell published theory of invisible waves (electromagnetic radiation)
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s RADIO WAVE Heinrich Hertz
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s RADIO WAVE AMPLITUDE height of wave (dB) FREQUENCY no. of cycle of wave per second (Hz)
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1896 WIRELESS TELEGRAPH Guglielmo Marconi
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1906 Voice was the first on the air over radio waves. Reginald Fessenden
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1906 Lee De Forest invented the Audion, an amplifier that boost weak radio waves.
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1915 David Sarnoff invented ‘radio music box’.
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1917 During World War I - All US Navy ships were equipped with radio. - US government took control of all radio operations, in the interest of national security.
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1919 The Navy suggest GE to buy American Marconi. Radio Corporation of America (RCA) - GE and Westinghouse manufacture radio equipment. - RCA sell it. - AT&T build the transmitter.
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1920 The world’s first commercial radio station Pittsburgh-based KDKA play phonograph records & read from the newspaper AM 1020 kHz
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 30-300 kHz Low Frequencies (LF) Short distance communication 300-3,000 kHz Medium Frequencies (MF) AM radio 3-30 MHz High Frequencies (HF) Police radio, amateur radio operator 30-300 MHz Very High Frequencies (VHF) FM radio, VHF television system 300-3,000 MHz Ultra High Frequencies (UHF) UHF television system, mobile phone 3,000-30,000 MHz Super High Frequencies (SHF) Satellite, microwave, military radar by the end of 20s, half of American homes had a radio
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1933 Edwin Armstrong demonstrated FM radio.
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Radio Golden Age
Sound wave Audio Tuning Transmitting antenna Electromagnetic wave Receiving antenna Electricity Tuner Amplifier Speaker Sound wave
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Radio in Thailand
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1886 King Rama V established Post and Telegraph Department.
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1907 Marconi’s Telegraph was used in Royal Thai Navy activities.
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1913 King Rama VI presided over the first wireless telegraph station in Thailand.
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1927 First radio broadcasting demonstration in Thailand Prince Purachatra Jayakara
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1930 First official radio broadcasting station in Thailand สถานีวิทยุฯ กรุงเทพฯ ที่พญาไท
1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Wired telegraph and telephone Wireless telegraph AM-FM radio Modern radio
trivia 55 6-10AM Percent of radio audience under age 35: Radio’s most important time of day:
Characteristics of Radio radio is Fragmented radio is Local radio is Mobile radio is Personal radio is Specialized
radio genres MUSIC FORMAT TALK FORMAT Contemporary hit radio Adult Contemporary Country Etc (60’s-70’s, 80’s, Jazz. etc.) MUSIC FORMAT TALK FORMAT News Talk Documentary Sports Religious Children Radio Drama
radio production process Pre-production Production Post-production
radio production process Pre-production Production Post-production Market research Targeting and analyzing the audience Program concept Scriptwriting PROGRAM CLOCK RADIO SCRIPT PROGRAM LOG
PROGRAM CLOCK News TOP 10 TOP 10 New Release TOP 40 New Release News TOP 10 TOP 10 New Release TOP 40 New Release Commercial 45 15 Commercial Phone-in TOP 40 Game TOP 40 Commercial TOP 20 30 PROGRAM CLOCK
Two-column script RADIO SMILE ON-AIR: FM 105 MHz (6:00-7:00 AM) FORMAT: ADULT CONTEMPORARY PRESENTER: MICHAL MAJKA MICHAL: Hello. Welcome back to Radio Smile with Mikey. I can’t wait for our top three. JINGLE: NUMBER THREE (5 sec) MICHAL: It’s Uptown Funk by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars. MUSIC: UPTOWN FUNK (4.30 min)
PROGRAM LOG
radio production process Pre-production Production Post-production LIVE BROADCAST AUDIO RECORDING ON AIR Use simple words. Appropriate tone of voice. Talk naturally. Avoid dead air. No clutter either. Voice Music Music continuity. SFX
radio production process Pre-production Production Post-production LIVE BROADCAST AUDIO RECORDING sound editing sound mixing sound mastering
radio crew members Executive Director Station Manager Admin Sales Account Program Technic Producer Creative DJ Announcer
REFERENCES: Dominick, Joseph R., Messere, Fritz and Barry L. Sherman. Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet, and Beyond, 5th edition. New York: Mcgraw-Hill, 2004. Hinviman, Somsuk, et. al. Fundamental of Radio and Television, 2nd edition. Bangkok: Thammasat University Press, 2014. http://thaitelecomkm.org/TTE/topic/attach/Thai_Telegraphy_and_Teleprinter/index.php