Warehouse Space & Layout WFP Logistics, We Deliver

Lesson Objectives 1 2 By the end of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the different stacking methods 2 Use the stowage factors and calculate the stacking capacity in a warehouse

Three Aspects to Consider Organizational Elements Warehouse Functions Three Aspects to Consider Structural Elements Organizational Elements Managerial Elements

Different Areas in the Warehouse Work Area Goods receipt Storage Picking/ Kitting Goods Dispatch Repacking/ Recondition

Stacking Methods

Stacking Methods

Stacking Methods Clean area before creating stack Use good and clean pallets Select stacking method Identify space for spoiled and empty packaging Identify space for reconditioning & repackaging damaged cargo Use stack card

Stacking Methods Unbonded Stacking Bonded Stacking

Stacking Methods

Stacking Methods

Bad Practices The stack should be built to give a firm bonded or interlocked stack Do not stack so high that packages at the bottom are crushed or split Do not throw or drop X Remove projecting nails and splinters or the bottom bags may be torn and food spilt Do not stack too close to the roof reducing ventilation and access Do not stack close up to, or on top of, the roof beams so as to risk damaging the structure

Measurements – Commodities and Warehouse KG Weight (1000 KG) MT SQM (M2) Length X Width Area CBM (M3) Length X Width X Height Volume

Calculating Maximum Stack Capacity Stack Characteristics: Height; Width; Length; Weight Stowage Factor = Volume / Weight

Stowage factor You have received a commodity in boxes with the following characteristics: Height 15cm Width 45cm Length 60cm Weight 0.025mtn What is the stowage factor of this commodity?

Stacking Exercise Calculate the stack capacity for the following: Rice in 50 kg bags with a stowage factor of 1.5cbm/MT You have 70 pallets (size 1m x 1.2m) Maximum storage height: 3m B. What is the minimal number of pallets (1m x 1.2m) required to store 200 MT of a commodity that has a stowage factor of 2? Maximum storage height: 2.5m How many pallets will you need to square off the surface of the pallets? What are the surface dimensions of the stack?

Stacking Exercise Answer (A) Calculate the stack capacity for the following: Rice in 50 kg bags with a stowage factor of 1.5cbm/MT You have 70 pallets (size 1m x 1.2m) Maximum storage height: 3m Usable Surface Area = 70 x (1 x 1.2) = 84 sqm Usable Volume = 84 x 3 = 252 cbm Stack capacity = 252 /1.5 = 168 MT 

Stacking Exercise Answer (B) B. What is the minimal number of pallets (1m x 1.2m) required to store 200 MT of a commodity that has a stowage factor of 2? Maximum storage height: 2.5m How many pallets will you need to square off the surface of the pallets? Step 1: Required volume (stack capacity) x (stowage factor) = (required volume) = 200 x 2 = 400 cbm   Step 2: Required surface (required volume) / (max storage height) = (required surface) = 400 / 2.5 = 160 sqm Step 3: Minimum number of pallets (required surface) / (surface of pallet) = (minimum number of pallets) = 160 / 1.2 = 133.3 Step 4: Rounded quantity of pallets needed Pallet dimensions = 1 x 1.2 We plan for 8 pallets (1 meter side) wide floor The number of pallets per “column” is therefore = 133.3 / 8 = 16.6 = 17 pallets Number of pallets needed = 17 x 8 = 136 pallets ( 

Stacking Exercise Answer (B) B. What is the minimal number of pallets (1m x 1.2m) required to store 200 MT of a commodity that has a stowage factor of 2? What are the surface dimensions of the stack?   (  Surface dimensions of a stack: 136 x 1.2 = 163.3 sqm 

Stowage factors: References

Stock Location: Racked

Warehouse Capacity Considerations Factors that affect warehouse storage capacity: Type, characteristics and compatibility of cargo Different storage requirements Warehouse size and structure Equipment Remember Available space = actual space + dispatches - receipts

Warehouse Layout Through-FLOW U-FLOW Truck Truck GOODS RECEIPT STORAGE AREA Truck Truck GOODS RECEIPT GOODS DESPATCH PICKING Truck Truck U-FLOW STORAGE AREA Truck GOODS RECEIPT & DESPATCH PICKING Truck

Lesson Recap 1 2 Questions: What are the different stacking methods? What is a stowage factor and how to calculate the stacking capacity in a warehouse?

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