End of WWII Bellwork What was the purpose of the United Nations? To attempt to maintain global peace What organization was created largely in response to NATO? The Warsaw Pact

Start of the Cold War Bellwork What organization was created largely in response to NATO? The Warsaw Pact The U.S. and USSR were competing for influence what regions of the world? The “third world”

Objective WWBAT: Discuss the policies of Communist China and the Korean War as it relates to the Cold War

Interactive Notebook Setup 4/29/2016 Chinese Communism and Cold War in Asia This will be one page

Background Communist China The Cultural Revolution The Great Leap Forward Korean War

Beginning in 1949, however, containment seemed to fail as communism spread to China, Korea, & Vietnam in Asia

The Chinese republic did not modernize China & led to an era of chaos In the 1920s, nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek took over & ran China as a dictatorship Meanwhile, communism was growing in China under the leadership of Mao Zedong Mao’ s Communist Party gained popularity among poor peasants by offering to redistribute land from wealthy warlords

When WWII began, Chiang & Mao agreed to a truce from 1937 to 1945 From 1930 to 1949, Nationalists & Communists fought in a bloody civil war for control of China When WWII began, Chiang & Mao agreed to a truce from 1937 to 1945 After WWII, Communists gained support & began to win control of China

The three “revolutionary” Communists In 1949, the Communists won the Civil War & Mao created the Peoples’ Republic of China Chiang’s gov’t fled China & set up in Taiwan The USA was shocked when China fell to communism & only recognized the Nationalists as the gov’t of China The three “revolutionary” Communists Karl Marx Vladimir Lenin Mao Zedong

Based upon this propaganda poster, what changes will Mao propose for China?

Mao was determined to reshape China’s economy based on Marxist socialism He seized land from the rich & divided the land among the poor peasants Mao followed Stalin’s example by creating collective farms & a Five Year Plan to improve Chinese industry

Based upon this propaganda poster, what two things will Mao’s “Great Leap Forward” focus on?

“Great Leap Forward” 1958, Mao began a massive program to create agriculture & industry called the “Great Leap Forward” Millions of Chinese citizens were sent to work on large collective farms to grow food Other citizens were required to work on massive industrial projects like making iron & steel or building dams & railroads “Backyard furnaces” to make iron Image of a “People’s Commune”

“Struggle hard for 3 years. Change the face of China “Struggle hard for 3 years. Change the face of China. Catch up with Britain & America.” --Mao, 1958

Mao’s Great Leap Forward started well…

…but, the it required forced labor & led to lots of suffering by millions of Chinese citizens

Great Leap Forward was a failure & led severe food shortages, famine, & poor quality industry

Mao ended the Great Leap Forward after three years Chinese peasants

Based upon this image, what was purpose of Mao’s “Cultural Revolution”?

The Cultural Revolution (1966 -1976) The goal of the Cultural Revolution was to emphasize Mao’s strict socialist ideas & attack traditional Chinese ideas Mao distributed to all Chinese citizens the “Little Red Book,” a book of his quotes that reinforced what was acceptable for Chinese communists

The Cultural Revolution (1966 -1976) Mao targeted young people & many joined the Red Guards, a group to protected the culture of the revolution Red Guards closed schools & universities; burned books; & humiliated, beat, killed people who opposed Mao’s ideas

Parades united citizens Attacked teachers, politicians, & critics The Cultural Revolution unified the Chinese people but also led to the deaths or imprisonment of thousands of citizens Executing teachers, politicians, critics

Even without Mao, China remains a Communist nation today In 1976, Mao Zedong died & was followed by more moderate Communist officials Even without Mao, China remains a Communist nation today

The fall of China to communism had a major impact on the Cold War between the USA & USSR

The USA acted when communism threatened Korea The U.S. response to the fall of China was to more aggressively confront communism the world The USA was afraid of a “domino theory” in which communist nations turn their neighbors communist As a result, the USA vowed to contain the spread of communism anywhere in the world The USA acted when communism threatened Korea

In 1950, North Korea (using Soviet supplied weapons) crossed the 38° & attacked South Korea During World War II, Korea was liberated from Japanese control by the U.S. army in the South & the Soviet army in the North When South Korea appealed to the United Nations, the USA sent troops to Korea to contain communism But, when the USA pushed too close to China, the Chinese Army entered the war & helped North Korea After WWII, Korea was divided along the 38° with a communist gov’t in North Korea & a democracy in South Korea

The USA successfully stopped communism from spreading into South Korea & showed that it was willing to fight to contain communism Today, Korea remains divided between a communist North & a democratic South After 3 years of fighting, a ceasefire was agreed to in 1953, the fighting stopped, & the 38° was restored as the boundary between North & South Koreas

The fighting in Korea convinced many nations to not choose a side during the Cold War These “neutral” countries during the Cold War were known as the “non-aligned nations” While Korea was a success for the U.S., but the Cold War would escalate in the 1950s & 1960s as communism threatened Africa, Southeast Asia, & Latin America