Computer Hardware

Pentium IV

Processor Characteristics Speed Pin configuration Cache sizes Base clock Enhanced clock E/B ratio Mother boards FSB speed RAM support Virtual memory support Sockets

Processors 4004 8008 8085 8086 8088 80186 80286 80386 80486 Pentium I,II,III,IV Xeon Itanium AMD Athlon AMD Duron Cyrix Sun Sparc

Intel x86 versions Version Arch Speed L1 RAM 80186 16 bit 12.5Mhz --- 80286 12.5MHz 16MB 80386 32 bit 33MHz 4 GB 80486 100Mhz 8KB 4GB FSB 3 MHz 8 MHz 16 Trans 0.5 1.34 2.75 6 ``

Intel Processors Version Arch Speed L2 RAM I 32 bit 300 MHz 16 KB > 4 GB II 600 MHz 128, 256 Celeron 32bit 1.3 GHz 128 KB III 1.7 GHz Xeon 2.0 GHz 256,512 IV 3 GHz 256 KB Itanium 64 bit 3 + GHz 2,4 MB > 8GB FSB 60 MHz 100 MHz 133 MHz 266 MHz 400 MHz 800 GHz Trans 3.21 m 7.5 mil 9.5 mil 28 mil 32 mil 42 mil 50 mil

Different Categories of same CPU

Motherboard Significance of Motherboard Chipsets & I/O processors Voltage levels Form factors AT and ATX Bus Architecture

Bus Architectures Bus type ISA PCI AGP No of pins 62 188 132 Speed 4.77 MHz 33 MHz 66 MHz DTR 5 MBps 132 MBps 264 MBps

Integrated Bus Support

Random-access Memory Structure of RAM Pin configuration SPD Processor Flip-Flop and Capacitor Architecture Refresh rates SIMM & DIMM slots DRAMS, SDRAM, RAMBUS, ECC-RAM, NV-RAM,DDR-RAM, SRAMS differences and access times

SIMM RAM

Read-Only Memory ROM or BIOS or CMOS PROM EPROM EEPROM Flash ROM

Cache memory Location in a PC Access times Levels of Cache Why Levels?

Cables

Hard Disk

Floppy Disk Drives External Internal

CD Drives Speeds ranging from upto 52X Also magneto optical drives and DVD

Ports Female and male ports Parallel,Serial & PS/2 USB ports

Internal modem Cable modem

Modems Used to access remote data Connects through the telephone line or a leased line Both external and internal modems are available Speed range from upto 256 kbps

AGP card AGP slot

Network Interface Card

SCSI Controller

EIDE SCSI Onboard as well as external are available Onboard Average access time = 7 ms 15000 RPM 18 GB costs Rs 15,000 Upto 15 drives Produce more heat Internal as well as external HARD DISK DRIVES Hardware level RAID Onboard Average access time = 15 ms 5400 RPM 40 GB costs Rs 4500 Maximun 4 drives Produces less heat All drives are internal No RAID

Insertion of a card in your PC

SMPS Switched Mode Power Supply Phase,neutral & earth sockets Power Supply control

UPS Types Differences

Online UPS Off line UPS

Server Side Hardware

Main vendors IBM SUN HP Intel

Workstation Server Usually 1 CPU Onboard cards such as NIC/SCSI controllers are usually not available 1 to 4 HDD’s Chasis = Rs 750 – Rs 2000 NIC is 10Mbps or 100 Mbps Scalable to any number of cpu’s normally upto 64 cpu’s. Comes with every thing built in and provides many extra slots for further enhancements. Can support upto 126 HDD’s chasis Rs 40,000 NIC is 1Gbps or 10 Gbps

Hardware Characteristics of a Server Multi Processor SCSI storage Disk Arrays Itelligent Storage Arrays Fail Safe

Directly Attached Storage Server Storage Array Hub Clients

Network Attached Storage ISA Server Hub Clients

Cluster setup using Storage Area Network

Intelligent Storage Array

Any questions ??????????

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