Chapter 5 Applications of Newton’s Law

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 5 Applications of Newton’s Law

2d equilibrium Find the tensions in terms of the mass m of the engine.

Tension

Static friction vs Kinetic friction

Static Friction Kinetic friction is the friction when the object is moving. Static friction is when it is at rest.

Example: Incline It is found that the object starts sliding once the angle θ becomes greater than θc. Find μs in terms of θc.

Kinetic Friction (more useful) Kinetic friction is the friction when the object is moving. Static friction is when it is at rest.

Example Find the horizontal acceleration of the box of 3kg on a surface given μk = 0.5 and F = 20N.

Pulling a crate Given mg =500N and μk=0.4. How hard do you have to pull to keep the crate moving at constant velocity?

Solution

The Sliding Crate Find the acceleration given θ =30°, μk=0.192.

Centripetal force and acceleration According to Newton’s Laws, anything that is not moving in a straight line must have a net force acting on it and must be accelerating. When an object is moving in a circle, there must be a net force, causing the “centripetal acceleration”. Even though the speed of the object is constant, the velocity is constantly changing because of the changing direction. That is why the acceleration is non-zero. r v x y (x,y)

Centripetal force and acceleration

Must remember this: Using this you can convert freely among ω, T, f and v.

Centripetal force and acceleration

Centripetal force and acceleration Centripetal force is the force required to keep an object in circular motion. Without it the object will resume moving in a straight line. In this case, the centripetal force is the tension in the string.

How fast can it spin? The cord breaks when tension is greater than 50N. Given m=0.5kg, r =1.5m, how fast can it spin? In this case, the centripetal force is the tension in the string. What is the tension when v =7m/s?

Examples of centripetal force

Gravity as centripetal force In this case, the gravitational force (i.e. the weight) is the centripetal force. However, you must remember that in outer space, g <9.8m/s2!!! The value of g (acceleration under free fall) is usually given, and you will also learn how to calculate it in Chapter 13.

What you have learned Static and kinetic friction Centripetal force and acceleration