Antenna Design for Zigbee System Chapter 3 Introduction to Zigbee Communication Systems Notes for the Instructor Please ask each workshop participant to run the Chapter 3 Shockwave Movie (duration 7 minutes) without interruption Follow the movie by this presentation explaining each slide as mentioned in footnote

© Copyright 2007 Agilent Technologies Contents In this chapter we will see What is Zigbee Technology? Basic devices in a Zigbee Mesh Network coordinator, router and end-node Self-healing nature of Zigbee Mesh Network Comparison of Zigbee Technology with other technologies Noise immunity of Zigbee compared to Bluetooth and WiFi Spectral usage and data rates of Zigbee Systems Salient features of Zigbee Technology Application of Zigbee Notes for the Instructor a) These are the topics covered in the presentation © Copyright 2007 Agilent Technologies

What is Zigbee Technology? Zigbee is a network of switches, controllers, devices and sensors which is self configurable, plug and play capable, present where ever these nodes are present, extremely low power and expandable to 64770 nodes These nodes can be home appliances like- a study lamp, a switch, electricity meter, air-conditioning and heating control panel, a security system panel, a smoke detector or a mains switch. Study Lamp Meter Mains Switch Lamp Switch Smoke Detector Security System Panel Heating Control Panel Figure 1: Example of a Zigbee Mesh © Copyright 2007 Agilent Technologies

Devices in a Zigbee Network Study Lamp Meter Mains Switch Lamp Switch Smoke Detector Security System Panel Heating Control Panel Coordinator Router End-Node Figure 2: Devices in a Zigbee Mesh Coordinator: initiates and manages mesh network. It acts as a router node once network is formed At least one coordinator is required in a network. Router: forms association with other router nodes and coordinator node. It is a fully functional node that routes multi-hop messages End-Node: is a reduced function node that neither forms associations with other nodes during mesh setup nor routes multi-hop messages. It is either a sensor, a controller or a switch © Copyright 2007 Agilent Technologies

Self-Healing Nature of Zigbee Mesh Study Lamp Meter Mains Switch Lamp Switch Smoke Detector Security System Panel Heating Control Panel Study Lamp Meter Mains Switch Lamp Switch Smoke Detector Security System Panel Heating Control Panel Figure 3: Re-routing for self-healing © Copyright 2007 Agilent Technologies

Zigbee into Perspective 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 WPAN WLAN WMAN WWAN Data Rates (Mbps) ZigBee Bluetooth IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) WiMAX 1394a Figure 4: Coverage Vs Data Rate for different wireless systems © Copyright 2007 Agilent Technologies

© Copyright 2007 Agilent Technologies Noise Immunity Signal-to-Noise Ratio (dB) Bit Error Rate -10 -5 0 5 10 15 10 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 Zigbee WiFi FSK Bluetooth Figure 5: BER Vs S/N for Zigbee, WiFi, FSK, Bluetooth © Copyright 2007 Agilent Technologies

Spectral Usage and Data Rates Zigbee co-exists in license free ISM band along with Bluetooth and WiFi. Geographic Location Frequency Band Data Rate No. of Channels Europe 868.3 MHz 20 kbps 1 America 902-928 MHz 40 kbps 1-10 Worldwide 2405-2480 MHz 250 kbps 11-26 Table 1: Band allocation to Zigbee, data rates & no. of channels © Copyright 2007 Agilent Technologies

Salient Features of Zigbee Technology Extremely low power consumption ideal for switches and sensor nodes Suitable for latency tolerant applications Use of license free band CSMA-CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access-Collision Avoidance) Automatic network establishment and maintenance by the coordinator Multiple channels and moderate data rates Extremely Robust and Noise Immune Reliable and Self-healing © Copyright 2007 Agilent Technologies

Applications for Zigbee Technology Light Sensors Outdoor Light Dimmers in Lamps Home and Office Automation Light Sensing and Control Temperature & Humidity Sensing and Control Automotive Sensor and Controller Network Industry Automation and Applications Remote Parameter Monitoring Asset Tracking and Inventory Management Personal Health Management of elderly Likely to replace Bluetooth in numerous consumer electronics applications Figure 6: Light Control in homes and offices Electric Parking and Break Switch Seat Belt Tension Sensor Photo-interrupter Sensor Seat Belt Switch Adjustable Pedal Drive Car Horn Figure 7: Sensors and Controllers in Automobile © Copyright 2007 Agilent Technologies

© Copyright 2007 Agilent Technologies Session Summary In this session We have introduced a robust, self-healing, noise immune, and low power Zigbee Technology. We compared Zigbee performance with other communication systems. We mentioned the frequency band for which a patch antenna has to be designed We mentioned salient features of Zigbee Technology and its application areas Notes for the Instructor a) Conclude by summarizing these points © Copyright 2007 Agilent Technologies