Chapter 3 Section 2

The United States Industrializes American industry grew after the civil war causing the gross national product to be eight times larger than before the civil war. GNP – Total value of all goods and services produced by a country

The United States Industrializes, cont. Natural Resources Could get cheaply Railroads helped move the resources Petroleum turned into kerosene A Large Workforce Population growth made workforce larger Caused by large families and immigrants Helped increase demand and production

The United States Industrializes, cont. Free Enterprise Good profits brought entrepreneurs Those that start their own businesses Laissez-faire policies helped businesses without government regulation Costs gov’t more to help businesses and hurts society New Inventions Alexander Graham Bell – telephone Thomas Alva Edison – phonograph, light bulb, electric generator Thaddeus Lowe – ice machine Gustavus Swift – refrigerated rail car

The Railroads: Linking the Nation Post Civil War- Railroads grew Pacific Railway Act Signed by Lincoln Provided construction of transcontinental railroad by two corporations Union Pacific Central Pacific Met at Promontory Summit, Utah

The Railroads: Linking the Nation, cont. Railroads Spur Growth Increase the size of markets for products Improve reliability of the trains American Railway Association divided the country into four time zones Helped united people The Land Grant System Increase railroad construction Government gave land to railroad companies More than 120 acres of land Robber Barons Bribery, swindling and cheating helped railroad tycoons make money People who loot an industry and give nothing back James Hill – Great Northern Not a robber baron Very successful

The Rise of Big Business The Role of Corporations Corporation – organization owned by many people but treated by law as though one person owned it Forced small businesses to shut down The Consolidation of Industry Page 249 Andrew Carnegie – Steel Industry Vertical Integration John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil Horizontal Integration Monopolies

Unions Working in the United States Opposition to Unions Some got rich, but there was an uneven distribution of wealth Working conditions were unhealthy and dangerous Opposition to Unions Marxism Workers v. Owners Workers would eventually revolt and overthrow the gov’t Spread throughout Europe causing anti-European immigration feelings Leads to Communism through an evolution of economic policy

Unions, cont. The Struggle to Organize Owners viewed unions as illegitimate Industrial unions United all craft workers and common laborers Owners tried to get workers not to organize Three major strikes Haymarket Square riot discredited Knights of Labor Great Railroad Strike and Pullman Strike involved railway workers

Unions, cont. The American Federation of Labor First leader was Samuel Gompers Unions should stay out of politics Preferred to negotiate Closed shops – owners could only hire union workers Working women Domestic servants, teachers, nurses, sales clerks, secretaries, light industrial work Had less pay than men Unions excluded women Mary O’Sullivan and Leonora O’Reilly established the Women’s Trade Union League

In a nutshell… American industry grew quite large after the civil war, But, I know that sometimes this information can be quite a bore. Unions emerged as the workforce began to increase, However, some people were mad and tried to get them to end or cease. Railroads helped the country to get to new heights, They also made people richer and able to use all their might. The increase in industry made it difficult to control, So, the government had to regulate the industry as a whole. As you can see, this time was when the country had lots of transition, But, our government was able to recover and readjust its mission.

Now it’s on you to review Answer questions 3-7 on page 251