Ipv6 addressing Chapter 5d

objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the need for IPv6 addressing. Describe the representation of an IPv6 address. Describe types of IPv6 network addresses. Configure global unicast addresses. Describe multicast addresses.

5.6.1 Ipv4 issues

Running out! How to conserve the IP’s? Tried NAT Tried CIDR Private IP addresses inside network One or few public IP addresses Tried CIDR Classless inter-domain routing Subnetting a subnetted address further Came up with IPv6 On Monday, January 31, 2011, IANA allocated the last two /8 (class A) IPv4 address blocks to the Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). Various projections show that all five RIRs will have run out of IPv4 addresses between 2015 and 2020. At that point, the remaining IPv4 addresses will have been allocated to ISPs.

5.6.1 About Ipv6 addresses

ipv6 128 bits Ridiculous amounts of addresses 8 sets (hextets) of four hex digits Ridiculous amounts of addresses Every device can have unique address Eliminates IP conservation Written in hex separated by : FE22:00FF:002D:0000:0000:0000:3012:CCE3 Each set of 4 is 16 bits. Practice some hex conversions.

Ipv6 shorthand Rule 1: omit leading zeros Remove zeros before other hex digits 00FF can be FF 0000 can be 0 What can this be reduced down to? FE22:00FF:002D:0000:0000:0000:3012:CCE3 FE22:FF:2D:0:0:0:3012:CCE3

Ipv6 shorthand Rule 2: omit all zero hextets Use :: for multiple zero-value fields FE22:00FF:002D:0000:0000:0000:3012:CCE3 FE22:FF:2D::3012:CCE3 Can only do this once within address Can’t tell how many fields it represents 2001:0:0:34D0:0:0:9F77:2854 CAN NOT be… 2001::34D0::9F77:2854 Can only do this once in an address. More examples next slide 

Omit zero segments Incorrect address: What could it be??? 2001:0DB8::ABCD::1234 What could it be??? 2001:0DB8::ABCD:0000:0000:1234 2001:0DB8::ABCD:0000:0000:0000:1234 2001:0DB8:0000:ABCD::1234 2001:0DB8:0000:0000:ABCD::1234 You don’t know how many 0 fields are supposed to be there!

activity Practicing IPv6 Representations Handout Compress addresses into short form Handout Reduce the IPv6 addresses to short form IPv6 Overview WATCH ON YOUR OWN

Review- 5q What are 2 ways to shorten up an IPv6 address? Omit all zero groups Omit leading zeros How many bits in an IPv6 address? 128 bits An IPv6 address is shown in what? Hex A hextet is how many bits? 16 bits Each hextet is separated by what? Colon :

Parts of the ipv6 address 5.6.1 Parts of the ipv6 address

ISP Prefix & interface Prefix= Network ID Interface ID= Host ID SUBNET SITE SUBNET The Subnet ID is used by an organization to identify subnets within its site. The larger the subnet ID, the more subnets available. The IPv6 Interface ID is equivalent to the host portion of an IPv4 address.

example

Prefix length Network ID is called prefix Represented at end by a slash 805B:2D9D:DC28:0000:0000:FC57:D4C8:1FFF/48 805B:2D9D:DC28::FC57:D4C8:1FFF/48 (SHORTENED) 805B:2D9D:DC28:0:0:0:0:0/48 is Network ID 805B:2D9D:DC28::/48 1st 48 bits 1st 48 bits 16 bits per octet Prefix is given by the ISP Entire Prefix with the subnet is /64.

Rest of the address IPv6 has: Network ID (Prefix) Subnet ID Identifies the subnetwork in your own network Interface ID Your MAC address Like the host portion of IPv4 address This would be a /48 address; 16 bits in a hextet Subnet ID is 16 bits or less Interface ID is 64 bits

5.6.1 Types of ipv6 addresses

Three types of addresses Unicast One to one Multicast One to a group Anycast DON’T WORRY ABOUT IT! There are NO MORE BROADCASTS! Multicasts: FF00

Unicast ipv6 addresses Represents a single interface Example: address assigned to your NIC Types of unicast addresses: Global unicast- like a reg. IPv4 public address Link-local- stays within LAN; not routable Loopback- tests your NIC/if IP is working; ::1 Unique local- like NAT, unroutable Global unicast: Unique, Internet routable; like a regular IPv4 address Link-local: on the next slide! Loopback: Shown as ::1

Your pc has multiple ipv6 addresses Global Unicast Address Link-local Address

Global unicast Public address Begins with 2000:: Similar to a public IPv4 address Begins with 2000:: 2001:: reserved for examples Currently only the 1st 3 bits of 2000 are being given out.

link-local Unicast Every NIC MUST have one Begin with FE80::/10 (FE8, FE9, FEA, FEB) For communicating within the LAN only Unroutable Auto-configured Combo of FE80 and the MAC address Also used between routers to exchange routing tables & as next-hop IP addresses

Link-local unicast

Loopback address Tests TCP/IP on your NIC ::1

Prefix length Like IPv4, there are network & host portions Network ID is called prefix Represented at end by a slash 805B:2D9D:DC28:0000:0000:FC57:D4C8:1FFF/48 805B:2D9D:DC28::FC57:D4C8:1FFF/48 805B:2D9D:DC28:0:0:0:0:0/48 is Network ID 805B:2D9D:DC28::/48 1st 48 bits 1st 48 bits 16 bits per octet Prefix is given by the ISP

Rest of the address IPv6 has: Network ID (Prefix) Subnet ID Identifies the subnetwork in your own network Interface ID Your MAC address Like the host portion of IPv4 address This would be a /48 address; 16 bits in a hextet Subnet ID is 16 bits or less Interface ID is 64 bits

activity Identify Type of IPv6 Addresses Drag the IPv6 address type to its description.

Review- 5q Name 3 common types of IPv6 unicast addresses. Global, link local, loopback What are the 3 parts of an IPv6 address? Prefix, subnet ID, interface ID Which part identifies the network & will be the same on every device in your network? Prefix Which part is identifiable in your network? Subnet ID Which part is the MAC address of your device? Interface ID

Ipv6 on the router & the PC 5.6 Ipv6 on the router & the PC

Ipv4 & v6 coexist Dual stack Tunneling Translation Runs both IPv4 & IPv6 at same time Tunneling Sending an IPv6 packet over IPv4 network Translation NAT64 Translates the packets from IPv4 to v6 & back Complete Activity 8.2.1.3- IPv4 and IPv6 Terms and Issues

Configure ipv6 on pc Static Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) DHCPv6 Two ways to get a global unicast automatically. When DHCPv6 or SLAAC is used, the local router's link-local address will automatically be specified as the default gateway address.

SLAAC Can assign IP address by itself (without DHCP server) based on info from router IPv6 router sends RA (router advertisements) As a multicast, every 200 seconds Or a PC can send a RS (router solicitation) asking for address These are ICMPv6 messages DHCPv6 works in a similar way Have to turn IPv6 routing on 1st Router(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing

Slaac example MAC of Ethernet card used (and some bits added to make 64 bits) A link-local address is created (FE80: and the EUI-64 or MAC) RS sent to router RA received from router with the global unicast prefix and default gateway address. (2001:DB8::1)

activity TestOut 5.6.9: Configure an IP Address Complete this lab TestOut 5.6.10: Practice Questions IPv4 Issues and Solutions

Review- 4Q What is the term for running both IPv4 & IPv6 at the same time on your network? Dual stack What allows IPv6 packets to be sent over an IPv4 network, between routers? Tunneling What process allows a host to automatically get an IPv6 address from the router? SLAAC What address is created automatically for inside the network communication? Link local address

Review- 4Q The link local (inside only) address begins with what? FE80 The global unicast address will begin with what? 2000:: A host getting an address from a router using SLAAC sends and receives what? RA and RS What would the shortened version of this IPv6 address be? 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329

Review- 2Q What kind of message is NOT used in IPv6 but used in IPv4? Broadcasts A multicast IPv6 message is sent to all hosts in a network. What will the address begin with? FF00-FF02

8.3 Verify connectivity

Icmp (ping) For both IPv4 & v6 Echo request/reply Destination or host unreachable Time exceeded (TTL) IPv6 uses hop limit When reaches 0, you get time exceeded message Yes, I’m here! Is H2 reachable? You’ll know if you have a connection to it or not and the average time it took to travel. Route redistribution is also used on both v4 & v6. This will notify the host that there is a better route to the destination. This is only used when on the same local network. Unreachable is on both too.

Icmpv6 ping RTT (time it takes to reach destination and get back) as well as if it’s reachable.

traceroute Shows a list of hops between source & destination Interface of every router in between A failure along the way indicates where the problem is RTT is disaplyed * is a lost packet TTL (hop limit) increases at each router interface

Review- 3q An ICMP ping is the same on IPv4 & IPv6 networks. What 3 things does it test/tell you? RTT (time it takes to get there and back), if it’s reachable, and route redistribution (better route within network to take) What kind of test is an echo request/reply? Ping How would you test if TCP/IP is working on your NIC? Ping ::1

Review & study Complete the study guide handout Take the quiz on netacad.com Jeopardy review

summary In this chapter, you learned: There are three types of IPv6 addresses: unicast, multicast, and anycast. An IPv6 link-local address enables a device to communicate with other IPv6-enabled devices on the same link and only on that link (subnet). Packets with a source or destination link-local address cannot be routed beyond the link from where the packet originated. IPv6 link-local addresses are in the FE80::/10 range. ICMP is available for both IPv4 and IPv6.

Ipv6 addressing Chapter 5d