Sub-regional workshop on Data disaggregation Integration of Various Sources for Producing Land and Urban-related Indicators Sub-regional workshop on Data disaggregation Lilongwe, Malawi 27-29 September 2017

Indicator 1.4.2 Target 1.4: By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance. Indicator 1.4.2: Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation and who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and by type of tenure. Custodian Agencies : UN-Habitat and World Bank Classified as Tier III Product of extensive debate and policy dialogue coordinated by the Global Donor Working Group on Land (GDWGL) and the Global Land Tool Network – Global Land Indicators Initiative (GLTN/GLII)

Indicator 1.4.2 Related to: Targets 5.a.1 (agricultural people/land) and 5.a.2 (legal framework) Targets 11.1 (access to affordable housing/upgrading slums) and target 11. 3 (sustainable urbanization/settlement planning). Goal 15 on sustainable use of land and natural resources. Land tenure also influences land use Goal 16 for promoting peace and inclusive societies and institutions Land is a significant source of conflict

Ongoing Work Expert Group Meeting on Land Tenure Security to develop a set of (household) survey questions for monitoring SDG Indicator 1.4.2 Define the essential questions required for household survey programs for monitoring indicator 1.4.2, data collection mechanisms, harmonization with other SDG indicator (in particular 5.1.a), complementary with other data collection efforts in particular by NGOs and capacity building requirements. Expert Group Meeting: Using Administrative Data to Monitor SDG land Indicator Agree on a methodology to monitor the part of SDG indicator 1.4.2 pertaining to legally documented rights using administrative data; Assess availability of existing data and explore ways of institutionalizing reporting at country and regional level; and Explore options for building on administrative data to advocate for and measure progress with sustainability of land policy reform.

Ongoing Work EGMs agreed on four key elements needed to construct the indicator: Land access including lease, ownership and group rights; Existence of valid, legally recognized documentation of land tenure rights, registered in public agencies or legally recognized institutions.   Perceived security by the ability to transfer rights by bequest. Perceived security, i.e. the fact that land is protected against involuntary loss of rights Consultations with various stakeholders Piloting of the essential questions for this indicator done

Data Sources In many countries: Limited capacities for land management, data collection and monitoring, and inadequate existing land information systems, poorly kept land registries, and limited data on large or densely populated geographical areas.  Complementarity in data reporting combining administrative and survey data. The main sources of data, therefore, are: Administrative records reported by national land institutions (in most cases land registries), Census and multi-topic household surveys conducted by National Statistical Agencies. Important to include questions about land holding or tenure security within large scale surveys, periodic national censuses and agricultural censuses Create comparable data sources and enable global-scale monitoring of indicator 1.4.2.

Data Sources Administrative records Provide data on number and area of registered parcels by tenure type Core function of public registries, timely, possible to disaggregate Good coverage, including communal land and large farms Production of land records and maps is a core function of public registries and reporting on the number of registered parcels or the number and area of parcels mapped is not difficult in principle Number of parcels formally registered Number of parcels formally mapped Population covered in the areas where formally registered land is available. Land registry records provide data on the number of individually registered parcels

Data Sources Nationally representative household surveys Provide data for areas/populations not covered by formal systems, on informality, gender barriers to land access, perceived value of titles Administrative records may be outdated Type of information: Land access and tenure type Perception of tenure security Availability legally recognized documentation of tenure rights to land  Surveys Urban Inequities Surveys, LSMS, censuses, MICS and DHS - publicly available, mostly for developing countries at multiple points in time.

Possible disaggregation dimensions Data Sources Possible disaggregation dimensions Urban/rural, Regions, administrative units Age Sex Tenure type Poverty status Wealth/income category Migration status Education of HH head Ethnicity/religion/language Disability status

In conclusion Regular reporting on indicator 1.4.2 will help: Improve the availability of data on land tenure form surveys Improve the regularity of reporting by registries and other line agencies holding administrative data Increase in-country accountability. The expansion of digitization will facilitate the ease of reporting.

In conclusion However: Coverage of administrative data may be geographically skewed e.g. towards urban or specific rural regions where cadastral coverage is concentrated, and therefore sub-national dimensions should be properly considered Interviewing women is key to obtaining perception of tenure data on women, which can be cross tabulated against other factors of difference. Sample design is also important, where different members of the household and types of households are included, as the realization of women’s land rights is complicated by the interplay of intra-household and community level inequalities, along with different tenure regimes.

Way forward Metadata revised Agreed and approved land questions on access to land, legally recognized documentation and perceptions of tenure security will be added to upcoming national surveys (or censuses) Capacity building materials Request for reclassification to Tier II to be submitted to IAEG-SDGs