National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Part 3 Implementing the NAAQS

Implementing the NAAQS CAA relies on STATES to implement NAAQS States “Recommend” area designations Adopt SIPs to achieve/maintain NAAQS Set emission limits, issue permits, enforce

Implementing the NAAQS (cont.) SIPs Most air pollution control regulations in U.S found in SIPs SIPs are mandatory, requirements are complex

Implementing the NAAQS (cont.) Among required SIP components Enforceable emission limits and control measures An air monitoring program Regulation of modification and construction of new stationary sources Prohibition of significant contribution to nonattainment in another state Assurances of adequate personnel, funding and authority

Implementing the NAAQS (cont.) Nonattainment SIPs SIP must demonstrate that it will bring nonattainment areas into attainment by relevant CAA deadline Attainment demonstrations most complex and controversial parts of SIP

Implementing the NAAQS (cont.) Public participation (SIPs) “Reasonable notice and public hearing” and “consultation and participation by local political subdivisions affected by the plan” EPA approves/disapproves SIP through notice and comment rulemaking Once approved, SIP enforceable by EPA and public CAA 304, citizen suit provision

Implementing the NAAQS (cont.) CAA designed to ensure level playing field for industry Examples Automobile emissions and fuel requirements New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT)

Implementing the NAAQS (cont.) CAA Regulatory Gap Because CAA relies on SIPs for many programs, gap in air quality protection in Indian Country For example, no EPA regulations controlling burning or dust-generating activities,though such rules found in most PM10 SIPs

Implementing the NAAQS (cont.) Tribal Implementation Plans (CAA 110(o)) EPA Guidance Document “Developing a Tribal Implementation Plan” http://www.epa.gov/air/tribal/tip2.html

Implementing the NAAQS (cont.) Federal Implementation Plans (FIPs) FIPs can remedy deficient SIP (CAA 110 (c)(1)). FIPs can fill CAA regulatory gap in Indian country (CAA 301(d)(4))

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Part 4 SIP Case Study