Biology Review Benchmark Test #2/3 Standards 2D.2, 2D.3, 3A.1, 3A.2, 3A.4, 4A.1, 4A.2, 4B.1, 4C.1 Cell Cycle ATP/ADP Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration DNA/Genes/Chromosomes Mitosis Protein Synthesis Meiosis

Cell Division Cell Cycle

Practice: Cell Cycle G2 Mitosis Telophase Cytokinesis S Prophase Interphase Anaphase G1 Metaphase

Cell Cycle Centromere Chromosome Centrioles Aster Fibers

Practice: Match Stages of the Cell Cycle Interphase ___ Prophase ___ Metaphase ___ Anaphase ___ Telophase ___ Cytokinesis ___ a) cytoplasm divides  2 cells b) chromosomes pulled apart c) growing, copying DNA d) Chromosomes relax, spindle breaks down, nucleus forms e) chromosome visible, spindle forms, nucleus breaks down f) chromosomes in middle

Practice: Sequence Stages of the Cell Cycle

Review: Comparing Asexual/Sexual Reproduction Produces more cells Increases chance of species survival Single-celled organisms (BACTERIA) Occurs in plants and animals Offspring genetically different Offspring genetically same Increases genetic diversity Decreases genetic diversity Produced by ONE parent Produced by TWO parents Slower reproductive rate Faster reproductive rate

Regulating Cell Cycle

Cancer Original Site

Energy

ATP/ADP Cycle

Review: ATP-ADP Cycle

Review: ATP, ADP, or Both? Molecule when bonds form Molecule when bonds break Energy Molecule Nucleotide More Energy Less Energy

Photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy  C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Review: Photosynthesis 6 ____ + 6 ____ + _______  ________ + 6 ____ Organelle  _____________________ (T/F) Plants, algae, and phytoplankton are photosynthetic. What 3 factors affect photosynthesis? Most important pigment is called ___________________ Light dependent reactions  light or no light? Light independent reactions  light or no light?

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

Review: Cell Respiration 6 ____ + _______  ______ + 6 ____ + 6 ____ Organelle  ______________________________ (T/F) Cell respiration occurs in all eukaryotic organisms. Aerobic reactions  oxygen or no oxygen? Anaerobic oxygen or no oxygen? Match & Sequence the following: ___Kreb Cycle _____ a) glucose  pyruvic acid & ATP ___Electron Transport _____ b) pyruvic acid  water, CO2, ATP ___Glycolysis _____ c) produces lots of water and ATP

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Review: Fermentation

DNA

RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA Messenger RNA

DNA or RNA? U T Deoxyribose Ribose

DNA, RNA, or Both? DNA RNA Both Nucleic Acid Composed of Nucleotides Single Stranded Double Stranded Genetic Material Phosphate Pentose 5 C Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose A, G, C Uracil Thymine

DNA Replication

Protein Synthesis

Genetic Code

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

Review: Sequence Meiosis I and II ___

Review: Comparing Mitosis & Meiosis Produces more cells Body cells Produces haploid cells Sexual Reproduction Sperm & Egg Gametes Genetically identical cells Produces diploid cells Increases genetic variation Sex cells Somatic cells Genetically different cells Asexual Reproduction

Review: Comparing Mitosis & Meiosis TWO divisions DNA from one parent Occurs in ALL organisms “Crossing Over” Occurs in many organisms DNA from two parents Reduces chromosome number Maintains chromosome number ONE division Produces cells with 23 chromosomes TETRAD Skin cells, liver cells, hair cells Produces cells with 46 chromosomes