Chapter 1 Computer Hardware

BASIC FUNCTION OF COMPUTER INPUT OUTPUT PROCESS STORAGE

+ + COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER COMPUTER SYSTEM _____________________ add hardware, software, and user = computer system _____________________ COMPUTER SYSTEM

WHAT IS HARDWARE? Physical devices (aspect) of a computer Computer hardware can be classified into two: CPU (Central Processing Unit) and Peripherals

X Place a cpu and system unit

COMPUTER PERIPHERALS Input/output (I/O) devices Usually electromechanical devices Online devices vs offline devices

INPUT DEVICES

INPUT DEVICES Allow the users to input data and instructions to the computer

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Keyboard 1875, Christopher Latham Sholes (father of typewriter) invented the first practical typewriter QWERTY keyboard (enhanced) has 101 keys Electronic typewriter keyboard

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Keyboard three types of key: Alphanumeric keys Punctuation keys Special keys (alt, arrow/navigation, backspace, caps lock, ctrl, delete, enter, esc, function, insert, prt sc, home, end, page down, page up)

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Mouse 1963, Douglas Engelbert invented the mouse at Stanford Research Institute. Small hand-held ‘point and click’ device.

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Three types of mouse: Mechanical Mouse Optomechanical Mouse Optical Mouse trackpoint

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Common terms used with mouse directions/actions: Point (hover over) Click Double Click Drag Select

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Light pen Consist of stylus connected by a cable to the computer

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Trackball Originally built into keyboard Use hand over the trackball to move the cursor on the screen

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Joystick Small vertical stick attached to trackball for easier mechanical movements

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Scanner Convert hardcopy to softcopy Direct-entry input device

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Barcode Scanner Uses optical scanner to read barcode and converts it into electrical pulses (or simply characters)

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Voice Recognition Systems Special microphone used to capture voice as an input Converts voice into electrical pulses to digital signals then transmission to a computer Limited vocabulary of words (voice command)

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES Digital cameras Used to capture images (digitally)

OUTPUT DEVICES

OUTPUT DEVICES Display the result of the computer.

EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES Visual display unit or Monitor Television-like screens that provide the user interface in the form of displaying text, numbers and images Can be monochrome or colored

EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES Audio response system or Speaker Can produce verbal output (sound)

EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES Printers Produce hardcopy output. Three broad groups of printers Character printer, line printers, page printers Classification of printers Impact printers or non-impact printers

EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES CHARACTER PRINTER Dot Matrix Printers (DMP) Prints one character at a time Produce dotted-output because of the pins on the print head Speed is measured by CpS (Character per second) 50-600cps Produces a lot of noise Uses ribbon as an ink

EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES CHARACTER PRINTER Inkjet Printer Non-impact printer Quiet when working Gives better quality Available in black/white and in color

EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES CHARACTER PRINTER Graphic Plotter Used for large format media. Graphs, maps, billboards, tarpaulin

EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES LINE PRINTER Drum printer Uses powder as an ink Available color: Grayscale

EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES PAGE PRINTER Laser printer High-end printer More expensive than inkjet printers Available color: Grayscale

EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES PAGE PRINTER Magnetic Printer Drum coated with magnetic material that capture the image of the page to be printed Use thermal papers

STORAGE DEVICES

PRIMARY MEMORY (MAIN MEMORY) TYPES OF MEMORY RAM (Random Access Memory) Volatile loses its contents if the device is electrically disconnected Temporary holding area for data, application program instructions and operating system (OS) AKA “waiting room”

APPS RAM rapsa! ajejeje

RAM WHERE IS RAM?

EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) Magnetic disk Direct access Made of rigid materials or symmetric plastic material Hard disk and floppy disk

EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) Magnetic tape Serial access storage medium Reels up to 3600 feet made of mylar plastic tape Can store large volume of data at low cost

EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) Optical Storage Information is written to or write from an optical disk or tape using laser beam Also known as “laser disk” CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RW, DVD-R, Blu-ray

EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE) Solid state storage Sometimes called flash memory Erasable, re-writable Flash drive (pen drive) and Memory card (SD/MMC)

PROCESSING UNIT (PU)

EXAMPLE OF PROCESSING UNIT CPU (Central Processing Unit) Also known as Processor Brain of the computer Containing ALU (arithmetic logic unit) and control unit Without the help of Chips (Chipset) the CPU is useless

EXAMPLE OF PROCESSING UNIT GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) Used to managed and boost the performance of video and graphics Its features are designed to lessen the work of CPU Mobile phones, display adapters, workstation and game console Developed by Nvidia in 1999 (GeForce 256)

INTERNAL COMPONENT

EXAMPLE OF INTERNAL COMPONENT Motherboard Main circuit board of a computer Mainboard, system board, MOBO

INSIDE MOTHERBOARD CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) On-board battery powered semiconductor chip Prevent up-to-date your computer Uses CMOS coin cell battery to power the CMOS memory

INSIDE MOTHERBOARD Expansion slots Used to insert expansion card (circuit board) which provide additional features to a computer such as video, audio, Ethernet

INSIDE MOTHERBOARD AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) Based on PCI design for 3D Developed by Intel

INSIDE MOTHERBOARD Memory Slots Memory Slot, Memory socket, RAM slot Can be 2 or 4 memory slots depends on a motherboard

INSIDE MOTHERBOARD Cooling Fan Used for active cooling

INSIDE MOTHERBOARD Power Supply Power Supply Unit (PSU) Component that supplies a power to a computer

INSIDE MOTHERBOARD Ports Physical docking point of an external device

COMPUTER SOFTWARE

MICROSOFT WORD 2013

NOTEPAD

COMMAND PROMPT (CMD)

GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI) [gooey]

ICON and BUTTON Miniature image that represents a program, an instruction or some other object. ICON – double click BUTTON – single click

2 categories of software SYSTEM SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE

APPLICATION SOFTWARE Consist of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal task.

Types of application software Spreadsheets Data management Word processing Desktop publishing Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Multimedia Browsers

Browsers Root word Browse search

System software Consist of programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices

3 types of System software System support Programs Utility software Utility program Antivirus software Worms, Trojan horse, Bot, Spyware Backup software Disk tools System Development Programs Compiler and Interpreter System Management Programs Operating system