Age of Contact: European Exploration

Vocabulary Words Conquistador- A Spanish soldier/explorer who wanted riches & power, as well as wealth & glory for Spain, in the conquest of the Americas. Mission- a religious settlement.

Reasons for Exploration Gold _____________ European countries wanted to increase their global wealth. _____________ Catholic church supported expeditions in hopes of converting natives to Christianity   _____________ Expeditions led by Conquistadors looking for wealth & fame. God Glory

T H E R A S O N SAFFRON CINNAMON NUTMEG PEPPER Saffron, the world's most expensive spice, is costly because more than 225,000 stigmas must be hand picked to produce one pound Saffron approx. $1000 lb NUTMEG PEPPER

Routes over land were dangerous & costly Western Europe wanted an all-water route to Asia

33 days

Important Dates 1492: Funded by the Spanish crown, Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic hoping to find a faster route to Asia. Following the example & knowledge of Columbus, other Conquistadors will claim territory in the “new world.” Are we there yet!

Never sets foot in Texas Columbus

Aztecs

Spanish Advantages Guns, Germs, & Steel - Advanced technology

Spanish Advantages

Indian Allies (military) Spanish Advantages Indian Allies (military) 500 Conquistadors Persuaded thousands of other Native Americans that hated Aztec rule to join the Spanish as allies.

Important Dates by 1521 Aztecs are conquered & all their gold is taken.

Becomes a base for exploration called New Spain Hernan Cortes Cortes eventually seizes the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan (renamed Mexico city) Becomes a base for exploration called New Spain His success inspires other Spaniards to explore North America

New Spanish Towns & Missions Spain was/is a Catholic nation Spanish wanted to convert Indians to Catholicism Priest & nuns established missions Helped protect claim of their territory

Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda 1519- Explored & created the 1st map of the Gulf Coast region (including the Texas coast). 1st Europeans to see Texas coast

Drowned Sent on an expedition to conquer land between Florida & Mexico Panfilo de Narvaez Sent on an expedition to conquer land between Florida & Mexico Ships that were supposed to pick them up never did. Stranded, they built small boats. Go through a hurricane and get shipwrecked. Drowned

Cabeza de Vaca Shipwrecked near Galveston (part of Narvaez expedition) Survived with Karankawa 8 yrs.

Location of Galveston Island; the castaways referred to as "Isla del Malhado," or Island of Misfortune.

Removed an arrowhead from an Indians chest & sewed up the wounds= great fame as a healer Cabeza de Vaca described native dwellings as portable structures made of mats placed on four arches. When it was time to move to the next camp, the Indians would remove the mats and carry them on their backs.

Cabeza de Vaca Eventually found his way back to Mexico City & then went back to Spain. Wrote a book describing plants & animals (bison) in Texas.

Popular Legend- 7 cities containing vast treasures Popular Legend- 7 cities containing vast treasures. One of the cities was reportedly called Cibola.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Sent on an expedition to find Cibola- 7 cities that were rich in gold, silver, & gems. Searched for 5 months going through the Texas Panhandle Cibola turned out to be an adobe village Didn’t want to go back empty handed = continued to search but he found no gold.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Explored the Texas panhandle. Searching for Quivera. 1st European to see Grand Canyon (Arizona)

Coronado’s Report on [Texas] “was a country (land) of fine appearance” and its soil promised good farming. He also reported that “there is not any gold nor any other metal- nothing but little villages.”

(1581) Don Juan de Onate Claims entire Rio Grande Valley for Spain Founded the Spanish settlements of upper Rio Grande, including El Paso (El Paso del Norte) Set up missions along the Rio Grande

Rene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle 1682: Explored the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico & claimed Louisiana for France.

Rene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle (1685) La Salle’s settlement – Fort St. Louis near Matagorda Bay. Spain now had to take action to make sure the French didn’t take over their claim to Texas.

Results of European Exploration Columbian Exchange- Transfer of plants, animals, & diseases

Guinea pigs, hummingbirds, muskrats, rattlesnakes, turkeys Americas Europe, Asia, Africa Avocados, beans, cashews, cocoa beans (chocolate), corn, papayas, peanuts, pecans, peppers, pineapples, potatoes, squash, tomatoes, vanilla beans, wild rice. Guinea pigs, hummingbirds, muskrats, rattlesnakes, turkeys Barley, rice, oats. Wheat, bananas, coffee, lemons, lettuce, okra, olives, onions, oranges, peaches, pears, radishes, soybeans, sugarcane, watermelons. Chickens, cows, cats, goats, hogs, honey bees, horses, mice, rabbits, rats, sheep

Results of European Exploration Diseases: Small pox & measles Cattle Mustangs - wild offspring of horses brought by the Spanish. Indians get horses trading/raiding = Indians become better hunters & fighters. Different fruits

Spanish pronunciation of the Caddo Indian word Teyshas Spanish pronunciation of the Caddo Indian word Teyshas. The word = “friend,” & generally referred to the allied tribes of their confederacy. In Spanish, the sh sound is usually represented by j, h, or x = became - TEJAS Americans called it… TEXAS