CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE WHAT IS LIFE? CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE Biologists have formulated a list of characteristics by which we recognize living things. Sometimes, nonliving things have one or more of life’s characteristics. But only when something has all of them can it be considered alive. Anything that possesses all of the characteristics of life is known as an organism.

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LIVING THINGS ARE ORGANIZED All living things show an orderly structure, or organization. Whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular, all structures and functions of the organism together form an orderly living system.

atom Is the basic unit of all matter.

molecule A combination of 2 or more atoms.

organelles Little organs that make up the cell.

Basic unit of life. cell Only true attribute of life.

tissue A group of cells working together to do 1 job

organ A group of tissues working together to do 1 job.

Organ system A group of organs working together to do 1 job

circulatory

digestive

reproductive endocrine

lymphatic

muscular

nervous

respiratory

skeletal

Excretory (urinary)

integumentary

organism Complete living thing.

Unicellular – made up of one cell ORGANISM Unicellular – made up of one cell amoeba paramecium

Multicellular – made up of many cells ORGANISM Black widow Brown recluse

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LIVING THINGS REPRODUCE

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LIVING THINGS REPRODUCE Reproduction- the process of producing more living things (offspring). Reproduction is not essential for the survival of an individual Reproduction is essential to the survival or continuation of an organism’s species. A species is a group of similar-looking organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

TYPES OF REPRODUCTION Asexual – does not involve the fusion of cells (gametes) Examples: fission and budding Sexual – Involves the fusion of 2 haploid cells (sex cells)

LIVING THINGS GROW The lives of all organisms begin as a single cell. Over time it grows and takes on the characteristics of its species. Growth – results in an increase in the amount of living material and the formation of new structures

LIVING THINGS DEVELOP development - All of the changes that take place during the life of an organism

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LIFE SPAN Stages that multicellular organisms go through

FIRST STAGE OF THE LIFE SPAN BEGINNING

SECOND STAGE OF THE LIFE SPAN GROWTH

THIRD STAGE OF THE LIFE SPAN MATURITY

FOURTH STAGE OF THE LIFE SPAN DECLINE

FIFTH STAGE OF THE LIFE SPAN DEATH

LIVING THINGS RESPOND Living things live in constant interface with their surroundings, or environment, which include the air, water, weather, temperature, any organism in the area, and many other factors. Stimulus - Any condition in the environment that requires an organism to adjust Response - A reaction to a stimulus

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LIVING THINGS MOVE

MUST OBTAIN AND USE ENERGY Energy is the ability to do work or the ability to make things move It powers life processes Homeostasis Growth and reproduction Movement It is obtained in the food they eat or produce

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LIVING THINGS REPAIR INJURIES

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LIVING THINGS ADAPT Adaptation - Any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in an environment. (e.g. – polar bear’s white fur; frog’s webbed feet)

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LIVING THINGS ADAPT Sweating – helps maintain a steady internal environment Homeostasis – regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for life

LIFE CYCLES

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