Bell Ringer What impact do you think the death of Muhammad had on the Islamic faith/empire?
EQ: How did Islam evolve after the death of Muhammad? Spread of Islam EQ: How did Islam evolve after the death of Muhammad?
Muhammad’s Successors Caliph – the religious and political successor to Muhammad Abu Bakr – 1st caliph, Muhammad’s father-in-law, chief adviser. Expanded the empire into Persia, Africa, and into Byzantine territory
Muhammad’s Successors Abu Bakr died with no clear successor The next two caliphs to rule were assassinated Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, was chosen as caliph Assassinated after 5 years
Islam Splits Division over who should be caliph caused a schism Sunni – Believe the caliph was a political position that should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community
Islam Splits Shia - Believe the true successors to Muhammad come from Ali (and Muhammad’s daughter) and are both political and religious leaders.
Islam Splits Sufi – Muslim mystics and missionaries who sought closer connection to God through fasting and meditation
Umayyad Caliphate Umayyad dynasty established (Sunni) (661-750) Capital = Damascus Empire expanded to largest size stopped by the Franks at the Battle of Tours (732) Favored Arab Muslims over non-Arabs Leads to decline
Abbassid Caliphate Abbassid Caliphate was established after capturing Damascus from the Umayyad (750-1258) Ends Arab domination Moves capital from Damascus to Baghdad Considered a golden age
Treatment of Conquered People People of the Book allowed to practice their own religion Jizya – special tax on non-Muslims Many people converted because of the spiritual equality and military success of Islam.
Essential Question How did Islam develop after the death of Muhammad?
Review Who was the first caliph?
Review Which sect of Islam believed that the rightful caliphs are Ali’s heirs?
Review This caliphate ended a period of Arab domination and was centered in Baghdad.
Review A special tax paid by non-Muslims.
Review This event stopped the Muslim expansion into Europe.