Causes of the Civil War 1845-1860.

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Presentation transcript:

Causes of the Civil War 1845-1860

Long Term Causes of the Civil War: Slavery in the South Extension of Slavery to the West Manifest Destiny/Expansion Tariff Policy Industrial Revolution (South- Cotton plantations, North-Textiles) States Rights/Compact Theory How did these issues contribute to sectionalism prior to 1860?

Annexation of Texas (1845) Controversial in the United States. Destroyed relationship with Mexico. Guaranteed Mexican- American War (1846-1847)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) Ended the Mexican War Added Mexican Cession (SW American States including California) Slave or free?

Compromise of 1850 Arranged by Henry Clay California enters as a free state. Enacts Fugitive Slave Law Allows popular sovereignty in Mexican Cession. Video

Fugitive Slave Act (1850) Provided for the return of escaped slaves in the North to their owners in the South. Changes hearts and minds in North

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Fictional narrative of slaves’ lives . Most widely read book in the North. Changes northern opinions on slavery.

Gadsden Purchase (1853) Small piece of land needed for southern route of the transcontinental railroad. Video

Ostend Manifesto (1854) Written by southern Congressmen who wanted to purchase or fight to acquire Cuba. Would create an additional slave state.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Authored by Stephen Douglas. Allowed the decision of slave/free be left to the people of Kansas and Nebraska (known as popular sovereignty) Video

Formation of the Republican Party (1854) Formed after the Kansas- Nebraska Act and death of the Whig party. Single issue: stop the extension of slavery Abraham Lincoln – founding member.

Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC) Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Caning of Charles Sumner (1856) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC) Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)

Bleeding Kansas (1856-1860) Raids and massacres caused by abolitionists and pro-slavery voters pouring into the territory.

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Supreme Court ruling that slaves were not citizens. Also stated that a slaveholder could not be denied his property. Invalidated Comp. of 1850 and the K-N Act.

John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry (1859) Unsuccessful armed slave rebellion led by John Brown at the U.S. arsenal in Harpers Ferry, VA. Brown was executed for treason.

Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln wins despite not appearing on the ballot in 11 southern states. Secession follows.

Election of 1860 √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

Fort Sumter April 12-14, 1861