LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT STANDARD(S) ADDRESSED: 12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the 3 branches of government. CH 18-SEC 2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the federal district courts. Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the federal courts of appeals. Describe the structure and jurisdiction of the two other constitutional courts.

Guided Reading GUIDED READING 1. District Court a. 94 b. 632 c. Number of Courts Number of Judges Types of Cases 1. District Court a. 94 b. 632 c. civil and criminal cases involving federal law 2. Court of Appeals a. 12 b. 179 c. appeals only from federal courts and regulatory agencies

Guided Reading GUIDED READING Court Number if Courts Number of Judges Types of Cases 3. Supreme Court a. 1 b. 9 c. appeals from State and federal courts and a few types of cases with original jurisdiction 4. Court of International Trade a. 1 b. 9 c. civil cases relating to trade and tariffs 5. Court of Appeals for Federal Circuit a. 1 b. 12 c. appeals in federal cases from across the country

Guided Reading GUIDED READING 6. On what basis is the United States divided into judicial districts? Each State forms at least one federal judicial district, no matter what its size or population. When and why were the courts of appeals created? They were created in 1891 in order to relieve the Supreme Court of much of the burden of hearing appeals because the High Court's docket had become overwhelming

GUIDED READING 8. Criminal case a case in which a defendant is tried for committing some action that has been declared by law to be a crime 9. Civil case a case involving a noncriminal matter, such as a dispute over terms of a contract or claims of patent infringement 10. docket list of cases to be heard

A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

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Key Terms inferior courts: the lower federal courts beneath the Supreme Court Federal District Courts: federal trial courts lower courts: courts created by congress civil case: a court case dealing with a non criminal dispute Nationwide Jurisdiction: it hears cases from all across the country

Additional Key Terms criminal case: a court case in which a defendant is tried for committing a federal crime docket: a list of cases to be heard by a court record: the transcript of the proceedings from a trial court

Introduction What are the structure and jurisdiction of the inferior courts? District courts are federal trial courts. They are divided into judicial districts and handle about 80 percent of federal cases. There are 13 courts of appeals that hear appeals from the district courts and special courts. The Court of International Trade tries civil cases related to the nation’s trade laws.

Judicial Districts Each state forms at least one judicial district, with at least two judges. Larger states are divided into multiple districts and larger districts may have more judges. There are 94 district courts serving all 50 states as well as U.S. territories. There are 632 district judges. NOTE TO TEACHER: This image shows an attorney for Napster, Inc., the online music firm, outside the9th Circuit Court of Appeals.

Judicial Districts Most district cases are heard by a single judge. The types of cases heard are criminal & civil cases involving federal laws. NOTE TO TEACHER: This image shows an attorney for Napster, Inc., the online music firm, outside the9th Circuit Court of Appeals.

civil and criminal cases involving federal law GUIDED READING Guided Reading Court Number of Courts Number of Judges Types of Cases 1. District Court a. 94 b. 632 c. civil and criminal cases involving federal law

Multi-Judge Panels Three-judge panels try some cases involving apportionment, civil rights, or antitrust laws. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court is made of 11 district court judges and issues secret search warrants to monitor suspected spies and terrorists. The Alien Terrorist Removal Court is made up of 5 district judges and decides whether to expel suspected foreign terrorists from the country.

District Court Jurisdiction Checkpoint: What is the principal role of the federal district courts? District courts have original jurisdiction over more than 80 percent of federal criminal and civil cases. Federal criminal cases include bank robbery, kidnapping, counterfeiting, mail fraud, tax evasion and terrorism. Federal civil cases include disputes involving bankruptcy, postal, tax, and civil rights laws. Checkpoint Answer: District courts have original jurisdiction to try the majority of federal and criminal cases. 19

District Court Jurisdiction In federal criminal cases, the United States is always the prosecutor. Most federal civil cases are between private parties, but the United States may be a plaintiff or defendant. Most of the decisions made in district courts are not appealed. A few cases are appealed to the courts of appeals or directly to the Supreme Court.

Courts of Appeals: Structure Congress created the courts of appeals in 1891 to ease the burden on the Supreme Court. There are 13 courts of appeals today. The are 179 judges Each court of appeals hears cases on appeal from one of the district courts within its circuit.

appeals only from federal courts and regulatory agencies GUIDED READING Guided Reading Court Number of Courts Number of Judges Types of Cases 2. Court of Appeals a. 12 b. 179 c. appeals only from federal courts and regulatory agencies

Structure, cont. The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has nationwide jurisdiction. ONE COURT 12 JUDGES This 13th circuit court deals with appeals from: Hears appeals in federal cases from all across the country. The Court of International Trade The Court of Federal Claims The Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims The 94 district courts if the case appealed involves copyright or patent issues.

Courts of Appeals: Operation Each circuit court has from 6 to 28 judges, who usually sit in three-judge panels. A justice of the Supreme Court is also assigned to each circuit. They do not conduct trials or accept new evidence. Instead they review the record and the arguments of a case. Less than one percent of their decisions are appealed to the Supreme Court.

Supreme Court There is ONE SUPREME COURT, it is the highest court in the land. There are nine judges, one chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices. They hear cases from both state and federal.

US SUPREME COURT Deceased Clarence Thomas: Bush Sr. - 1991 Conservative Antoio Scalia Reagan - 1986 John Roberts Bush Jr. - 2005 Samuel Alito: Bush Jr. 2005 Ruth Ginsburg: Clinton - 1993 LIBERAL Elena Kagan Obama -2010 Stephen Breyer Clinton - 1994 Sonya Sotomayor: Obama -2009 Anthony Kennedy Reagan -1989 MODERATE Deceased

GUIDED READING Guided Reading a. 1 b. 9 c. Court Number if Courts Number of Judges Types of Cases 3. Supreme Court a. 1 b. 9 c. appeals from State and federal courts and a few types of cases with original jurisdiction

Court of International Trade Congress created the (ONE) Court of International Trade in 1890 and made it a constitutional court in 1980. The Trade Court’s nine judges sit in panels of three and often hold jury trials in major ports. The Trade Court has original jurisdiction over all civil cases involving the nation’s international trade and customs laws.

civil cases relating to trade and tariffs GUIDED READING Guided Reading Court Number if Courts Number of Judges Types of Cases 4. Court of International Trade a. 1 b. 9 c. civil cases relating to trade and tariffs

Courts of Appeals: Structure Congress created the courts of appeals in 1891 to ease the burden on the Supreme Court.

appeals in federal cases from across the country GUIDED READING Guided Reading Court Number if Courts Number of Judges Types of Cases 5. Court of Appeals for Federal Circuit a. 1 b. 12 c. appeals in federal cases from across the country

Judicial Districts Each state forms at least one judicial district, with at least two judges. Larger states are divided into multiple districts and larger districts may have more judges. DC and Puerto Rico each have a District. NOTE TO TEACHER: This image shows an attorney for Napster, Inc., the online music firm, outside the9th Circuit Court of Appeals.

6. On what basis is the United States divided into judicial districts? GUIDED READING Guided Reading 6. On what basis is the United States divided into judicial districts? Each State forms at least one federal judicial district, no matter what its size or population. States with larger populations are further divided. There are also district courts in the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico

When and why were the courts of appeals created? GUIDED READING Guided Reading When and why were the courts of appeals created? They were created in 1891 in order to relieve the Supreme Court of much of the burden of hearing appeals because the High Court's docket had become overwhelming

Guided Reading GUIDED READING 8. Criminal case a case in which a defendant is tried for committing some action that has been declared by law to be a crime 9. Civil case a case involving a noncriminal matter, such as a dispute over terms of a contract or claims of patent infringement 10. docket list of cases to be heard

Review Now that you have learned about the structure and jurisdiction of the inferior courts, go back and answer the Chapter Essential Question. Does the structure of the federal court system allow it to administer justice effectively?

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