Carbonyl compounds “Class I” “Class II”.

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Presentation transcript:

Carbonyl compounds “Class I” “Class II”

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Structure and Spectroscopy

Acid Derivatives Nomenclature Acyl halides: alkanoyl halides Anhydrides: alkanoic anhydrides Esters: alkyl alkanoates Amides: N-alkyl (or N,N-dialkyl) alkanamides

Mechanism for Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution

Formation of acid chlorides

Formation of acid chlorides

Reactions of acid chlorides: Acid anhydride formation

Acid anhydride formation

Reactions of acid chlorides and anhydrides: Ester formation

Ester formation

Reactions of esters Hydrolysis (acidic conditions)

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters

Reactions of esters Saponification (hydrolysis under basic conditions)

Reactions of esters Saponification

Reactions of acid chlorides and anhydrides: Amide formation

Amide formation

Different types of amides succinimide caprylolactam

Reactions of amides Hydrolysis - acid catalyzed

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis

Preparation of Acids Hydrolysis of Nitriles

Hydrolysis of Nitriles

Mechanism for Hydrolysis of Nitriles

Thioesters

Thioesters and transesterification

Thioesters and transesterification

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